Table 4.
Factors associated with limited functional VL.
| Variables | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.976 (0.973–0.979) | 0.994 (0.986–1.001) | |
| Gender | Male (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 0.902 (0.832–0.979) | 0.901 (0.768–1.057) | |
| Race | White (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Black/African | 3.381 (3.035–3.766) | 2.804 (2.264–3.474) | |
| Colored | 2.871 (2.471–3.335) | 2.110 (1.631–2.730) | |
| Asian | 1.460 (1.006–2.121) | 0.982 (0.516–1.868) | |
| Education | Tertiary (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary | 1.930 (1.777–2.096) | 1.339 (1.127–1.591) | |
| Primary/no formal | 3.654 (2.694–4.955) | 2.795 (1.572–4.968) | |
| Monthly income | ZAR 3000 and less (USD 200 and less) (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| ZAR 3001–6000 (USD 201–400) | 1.747 (1.382–2.208) | 1.451 (1.137–1.852) | |
| ZAR 6001–12,000 (USD 401–800) | 2.190 (1.695–2.828) | 1.315 (0.994–1.741) | |
| ZAR 12,001–24,000 (USD 801–1600) | 3.334 (2.654–4.189) | 1.238 (0.927–1.653) | |
| More than ZAR 24,000 (USD 1600+) | 3.781 (3.042–4.699) | 1.216 (0.904–1.635) | |
| Health | Good (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Fair | 1.561 (1.397–1.744) | 1.484 (1.210–1.822) | |
| Poor | 2.059 (1.658–2.556) | 1.644 (1.015–2.661) | |
| Vaccination status | Vaccinated (ref) | 1 | 1 |
| Not vaccinated | 0.577 (0.532–0.626) | 1.312 (1.118–1.539) | |