Table 3.

Area under the curve–receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC) curve for the top 20 plasma metabolites.

Metabolites	SC vs. RC		SC vs. URC		RC vs. URC
	AUC	FC	AUC	FC	AUC	FC
Phenylethylamine	0.83	0.16	0.70	0.50	0.79	1.06 *
Cysteine	0.56	−0.12	0.84	0.70 *	0.86	0.73 *
Betaine	0.58	0.01	0.85	0.32 *	0.80	0.05 *
Pipecolic acid	0.56	−0.02	0.83	0.97 *	0.74	0.38 *
TMAO	0.69	−0.26	0.63	0.29	0.75	0.40
3-Methylhistidine	0.73	0.80	0.58	0.12	0.78	1.08 *
PC 38:3	0.59	0.06	0.65	−0.22	0.73	−0.15
TG 42:0	0.53	−0.47	0.67	−1.21	0.74	−0.45
TG 51:1(TG 16:0_17:0_18:1)	0.68	0.58	0.59	−0.30	0.71	−0.90
Conduritol-beta-epoxide	0.63	1.33	0.66	−1.24	0.74	−0.99
N-Acetylglycine	0.64	0.10	0.63	0.16	0.76	0.84
TG 45:1(TG 12:0_16:0_17:1)	0.60	−0.24	0.51	−0.56	0.74	−0.30
PI 36:4	0.58	2.42	0.60	−0.47	0.73	−0.99
TG 46:2	0.61	−0.99	0.68	−0.49	0.67	−1.79
TG 44:0	0.53	−0.47	0.66	−1.41	0.70	−1.28
Pipecolinic acid	0.50	−0.23	0.74	0.98	0.74	1.99
Coniferyl aldehyde	0.70	−0.28	0.52	−0.24	0.77	0.29
TG 54:5(TG 18:1_18:2_18:2)	0.64	−0.13	0.59	0.14	0.75	−0.22
3-hydroxybutyric acid	0.67	−0.07	0.66	0.76	0.66	−0.29
LPC 20:3	0.61	−0.07	0.63	0.09	0.71	−0.12

AUC-ROC curves were generated (cutoff: 0.7). *, p < 0.05. The data shown in the fold change (FC) column are relative to SC or RC. AUC, area under the curve; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; RC, refined carbohydrate diet; SC, simple carbohydrate diet; TG, triacylglycerol; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; URC, unrefined carbohydrate diet.