Table 3.
Micronutrient intakes by group (TD and ID)
| Nutrient | TD (n = 55) Adjusted mean (SE)† |
ID (n = 48) Adjusted mean (SE)† |
Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)†,‡ |
P-value† | TD % meeting§ EAR/AI |
ID % meeting§ EAR/AI |
P-value§ (chi-squared) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niacin (mg niacin equivalents) | 32.1 (1.3) | 27.3 (1.4) | −4.8 (−8.7, −0.9) | 0.02 | 100% | 100% | |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 4.9 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.3) | −0.9 (−1.7, −0.2) | 0.02 | 100% | 94% | 0.10 |
| Calcium (mg) | 988.0 (56.3) | 892.6 (59.1) | −95.4 (−259.6, 68.9) | 0.25 | 62% | 65% | 0.77 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1112.4 (44.8) | 1008.5 (47.0) | −103.9 (−234.6, 26.8) | 0.12 | 100% | 100% | |
| TD Adjusted geometric mean (SE)† |
ID Adjusted geometric mean (SE)† |
Adjusted relative mean difference (%) (95% CI)†,‡ |
P-value† | TD % meeting§ EAR/AI |
ID % meeting§ EAR/AI |
P-value§ (chi-squared) |
|
| Vitamin A (μg RAE) | 644.9 (1.1) | 518.4 (1.1) | −19.6 (−35.6, 0.3) | 0.05 | 96% | 92% | 0.41 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 6.0 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.1) | −23.7 (−42.3, 1.0) | 0.06 | 18% | 10% | 0.27 |
| Vitamin E (total α-tocopherol, mg) | 5.6 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.1) | 9.9 (−11.6, 36.6) | 0.39 | 35% | 50% | 0.11 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 60.5 (1.1) | 43.4 (1.1) | −28.2 (−48.7, 0.7) | 0.05 | 55% | 40% | 0.13 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 61.8 (1.1) | 55.9 (1.1) | −9.4 (−35.6, 27.4) | 0.57 | 93% | 92% | 0.99 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.1) | −12.0 (−24.2, 2.3) | 0.10 | 100% | 100% | |
| Folate (μg DFE) | 493.7 (1.1) | 386.7 (1.1) | −21.7 (−35.1, −5.4) | 0.01 | 100% | 100% | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.1) | −13.7 (−26.3, 1.2) | 0.07 | 100% | 100% | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.1) | −12.2 (−25.6, 3.5) | 0.12 | 100% | 100% | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 215.5 (1.0) | 209.2 (1.0) | −2.9 (−15.0, 10.8) | 0.66 | 100% | 100% | |
| Iron (mg) | 12.5 (1.1) | 10.8 (1.1) | −14.1 (−27.5, 1.9) | 0.08 | 100% | 100% | |
| Zinc (mg) | 8.6 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.1) | −9.9 (−22.1, 4.3) | 0.16 | 98% | 100% | 0.99 |
| Sodium (mg)¶ | 2381.4 (1.1) | 2050.3 (1.1) | −13.9 (−25.4, −0.7) | 0.04 | 100% | 98% | 0.47 |
| Potassium (mg) | 1936.8 (1.0) | 1868.2 (1.0) | −3.5 (−15.3, 9.8) | 0.58 | 2% | 0% | 0.99 |
†
Analyses adjusted for BMI z-score, parent education (college and no college) and race (White and non-White).
‡
Mean difference is presented as difference (ID – TD) for arithmetic means and per cent change from TD for geometric means.
§
Unadjusted analyses.
¶
Does not include table salt.
AI, Adequate Intake; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DFE, dietary folate equivalents; EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; ID, intellectual disability; RAE, retinol activity equivalents; SE, standard error; TD, typically developing.