Table 1.
Materials used in this study with their chemical compositions and manufacturer name.
| Material | Chemical Composition | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|
| Ceramic Material | ||
| Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) | Lithium meta-silicate crystals with approximately 40% crystals by volume. Additional contents: Li2O, K2O, MgO, AL2O3, P2O2 |
Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein |
| Surface conditioning methods | ||
| Phosphoric acid (PhA) | 37% PhA, chlorhexidine digluconate, thickener, stain and water | Maquira |
| Hydrofluoric acid (HFA) | 9.6% HFA, 5.3% Ethyl alcohol, thickening agent, dye and water | Pulpdent |
| Aluminum oxide particles (AL2O3) | Al2O3 99.80%, SiO2 0.023%, Fe2O3 0.035%, TiO2 0.006%, CaO 0.01%, Na2O 0.15% | Zhermack |
| Bonding agents | ||
| Single bond universal adhesive (SBU) | MDP phosphate monomer, Dimethacrylate resins, HEMA, Vitrebond copolymer, filler, ethanol, water, initiators, silane. | 3M ESPE |
| Assure universal bonding agent (AUB) | 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate 10–30%, BisGMA 10–30%, 4-Dimethylaminobenzoic Acid 1–5% | Reliance orthodontic |
| Porcelain conditioner (PC) | Ethanol/Denatured 190 PROOF 30–50%, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl-2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 1–5%, acetone, ACS grade 30–50% | Reliance orthodontic |
| Composite types | ||
| 3M Filtek™ Z350 XT composite | Matrix: Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA Filler: Silica, zirconia nanoparticles (20 μm) (72.5 wt%/55.9 vol%) |
3M ESPE |
| 3M Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite | Matrix: Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, procrylat resin Filler: yetterbium trifluoride, silica, zirconium oxide (46 vol%/65 wt%) |
3M ESPE |