Table 4.

Total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in methanolic and ethanolic extracts from donor plant growing in soil in the botanical garden, ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants, and callus of R. chalepensis.

Phytochemicals	DP *	MP **	Callus ***
Total polyphenols (mg GAE/g DW)	94.75 ± 0.09 b	143.92 ± 0.16 a	53.11 ± 0.33 c
Flavonoids (mg QE/g DW)	90.10 ± 0.57 b	135.86 ± 0.87 a	86.31 ± 0.61 c
Tannins (mg TAE/g DW)	44.31 ± 1.07 b	54.39 ± 0.09 a	36.64 ± 0.85 c
Alkaloids %	8.96 ± 0.16 b	10.79 ± 0.21 a	7.96 ± 0.23 c

Values are means ± SEM, n = 3 per treatment group. * DP = donor plant growing in soil in the botanical garden; ** MP = ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants; *** callus = callus obtained on MS + 2,4-D (10 µM) + BA(1.0 µM). Means in a row without a common superscript letter differ (p < 0.05), as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Duncan test.