Table A4.
Main outcomes of the included studies.
| Study | Comparison | Steps/Day (SD) | Gait Speed (m/s) | Sedentary Time (SD) | Active Time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (If Possible) | End | |||||
| Busse et al., 2004 [43] | HC | / | 3818 | 0.99 (0.16) | ||
| Skidmore et al., 2008 [24] | No comparison | / | Stage 2 = 5147 (1903) Stage 2.5 = 4087 (1286) Stages 3/4 = 2708 (1155) |
Walking activity (steps/h): HY 2 = 20.7 (9.0)/HY 2.5 = 12.9 (3.9)/HY 3–4 = 9.6 (4.5) | ||
| Xanthopoulos et al., 2008 [25] | No comparison | / | 4378 (2057) | |||
| Ford et al., 2010 [27] | No comparison | / | 8996 (3466) | Walking activity (min/d): 322 (88) | ||
| Cavanaugh et al., 2012 [26] | Baseline vs. one year | 10,261.15 (4332.56) | 9159.44 (3534.21) |
Max speed: Baseline = 1.77 (0.50) End = 1.74 (0.53) |
Sedentary time (%): Baseline = 78.53 (6.93) End = 80.14 (5.90) |
MVPA (min/day): Baseline = 22.49 (24.16)/End = 16.07 (18.68) |
| Rochester et al., 2012 [30] | Baseline vs. 6 months follow-up | 2258.50 (1373) | 2022.40 (1147.20) | Activity count (n): T1 = 315.3 (42.9)/T2 = 229.5 (47.4) | ||
| Roland et al., 2012 [33] | HC | / | 3476 (2814) | Sedentary time (%): 61.70 (14.1) |
Active time (%): 32.20 (10.6) MLTA questionnaire: 3052.3 (1611.6) |
|
| Lord et al., 2013 [29] | Control group | / | Total = 5452 (2501) HYI = 6302 (6302) HYII = 5335 (2716) HYIII = 4840 (1851) |
Total time spent walking (%): Total = 5.1 (2)/HYI = 5.8 (1.8)/HYII = 5.1 (2.2)/HYIII = 4.4 (1.6) | ||
| Wallen et al., 2014 [40] | No comparison | / | 4730 (3210) |
Sedentary time (min/d): 612 (103) |
LPA I (min/d): 138 (64) LPA II (min/d): 31 (24) MVPA (min/d): 17 (22) |
|
| Conradsson et al., 2015 [38] | Baseline Control group |
4842 (528) | 5123 (545) | Baseline: 1.19 (0.03) End: 1.28 (0.03) |
||
| Toosizadeh et al., 2015 [35] | Control group | / | 4099 (2673) | 0.66 (0.11) |
Sitting (%): 44.11 (16.39) Standing (%): 14.40 (7.79) Lying (%): 35.36 22.01) |
Walking activity (%): 6.02 (3.83) Walking episodes (n): 381 (205) Max steps (n): 189 (290) |
| Wallen et al., 2015 [23] | No comparison | / | Minimum of 4/7 d/week = 4765 3–5 Weekdays = 4721 Weekend days = 4888 |
Sedentary time (min/d): M4/7 = 588.9 3–5 WD = 593.9 WE = 584.5 |
LPA (min/d): M4/7 = 140.6/3–5 WD = 143.0/WE = 142 MPALS (min/d): M4/7 = 30.1/3–5 WD = 30.7/WE = 31.3 MVPA (min/d): M4/7 = 16.4/3–5 WD = 15.2/WE = 18.4 Activity count (n): 135,721 (92 368) |
|
| Christiansen et al., 2017 [37] | No comparison | / | Total = 5362 (2890) WD = 5573 (3144) WE = 4692 (2800) |
Activity count (n): Total = 345,870 (141,796)/WD = 353,196 (154,472)/WE = 321,456 (141,173) | ||
| Colón-Semenza et al., 2018 [44] | No comparison | 5428 (2440) | 7115 (1291) | Activity (min/week): Baseline = 199 (95)/End = 282 (83) | ||
| Leavy et al., 2018 [20] | Control group | / | 3653 |
LPA (min/d): 197 (72) MVPA (min/d): 47 (34) |
||
| Porta et al., 2018 [36] | Other studies | / | Total = 10,639 06::00–12:00 = 4313 12:00–18:00 = 3437 18:00–22:00 = 2889 |
Baseline = 1.18 End = 1.18 |
MVPA (%): 06:00–12:00 = 43.2/12:00–18:00 = 36.3/18:00–22:00 = 31.4 | |
| Ellis et al., 2019 [41] | mHealth vs. active control | mH = 8478 (3699) AC = 8902 (2967) |
mH = 8457 (3184) AC = 9028 (3366) |
|||
| Kim et al., 2019 [19] | Wrist vs. waist | / | Wrist = 9236 (3812) Waist = 5324 (2800) |
Time spent walking < 1.04 (%): Wrist = 71 Waist = 95 Time spent walking 1.05–1.30 (%): Wrist = 29 Waist = 4 Time spent walking > 1.31 (%): Wrist = 0 Waist = 1 |
Sedentary time (%): Wrist = 38 (13) Waist = 70 (11) |
LPA (%): Wrist = 51 (9)/Waist = 28 (10) MVPA (%): Wrist = 11 (8)/Waist = 2 (2) Activity count (n): Wrist = 872 590 (349 148)/Waist = 186 491 (101 989) |
| Mantri et al., 2019 [22] | ActiGraph Wearers vs. Non-ActiGraph Wearers | / | 3615 | MVPA (min): 8.1 (Q = 2.2–23.2) | ||
| Pradhan and Kelly, 2019 [31] | HC | / | 6416.9 (2795.5) |
Self-selected speed: 1.5 (0.3) Max speed: 2.2 (0.4) |
Sedentary time (min/d)/(%): 803.7 (154.9)/78.9 (7.8) |
LPA (%): 17.8 (6.6) MVPA (%): 2.7 (1.9) |
| Prusynski et al., 2019 [32] | HC | / | 5953 (2363) | Sedentary time (min/d): 846 (122) |
LPA (min): 172 (60) MVPA (min): 15 (11) HIPA (min): 19 (14) |
|
| Del Din et al., 2020 [42] | Older fallers vs. fallers with MCI | I1 = 8874 (4538) I2 = 9000 (4535) |
I1 = 8654 (4638) I2 = 9468 (5576) |
Total Walking Time per Day (min): Baseline: I1 = 117.3 (59.1)/I2 = 117.8 (62.3) End: I1 = 116.2 (65.1)/I2 = 127.9 (84.3) Percentage of Walking Time (%): Baseline: I1 = 8.2 (4.1)/I2 = 8.2 (4.3) End: I1 = 8.1 (4.5)/I2 = 8.9 (5.9) Activity count (act/d): Baseline: I1 = 233 (106)/I2 = 242 (110) End: I1 = 229 (116)/I2 = 254 (107) |
||
| Adams et al., 2021 [34] | HC | / | 4980 | 0.91 |
Lying (h/d): 9.1 Sitting (h/d): 10.7 Standing (h/d): 3.3 |
Walking activity (h/d): 0.9 (0.5–1.3) |
| Handlery et al., 2021 [39] | >4200 steps/day (S+) vs. <4200 steps/day (S−) | / | Tot = 4817 S+ = 6066 S− = 2852 |
Sedentary time (min/h of wear time): Tot = 33.5 S+ = 32.3 S− = 36 |
Total daily MVPA (min): Total = 36.8/S+ = 49/S− = 11.1 LPA (min/h of wear time): Total = 23.3 (5.5)/S+ = 23.5 (5.8)/S− = 22.9 (5.0) MVPA (min/h of wear time): Total = 2.8 (0.1–9.5)/S+ = 3.5 (1.3–9.5)/S− = 0.8 (0.1–3.4) Activity count (n): Total = 330,500 (109,670–820,247)/S+ = 376,152 (168,845–820,247)/S− = 239,875 (109,670–365,337) |
|
| Leavy et al., 2021 [21] | No comparison | / | 5876 (3180) | Sedentary time (min/d): 598 (92) |
Brisk walking (min/d): 23.5 (Q = 5.4–42.2) LPA (min/d): 197 (72) MVPA (min/d): 47 (34) |
|
| Zajac et al., 2021 [28] | No comparison | / | 7606.2 (3625.8) | |||
HC = healthy control. I = intervention. WD = weekdays. WE = weekend days. MLTA = Minnesota Leisure Time Activity. LPA = light physical activity. MVPA = moderate vigorous physical activity. HIPA = high intensity physical activity. mH = mHealth. AC = active control. HY = Hoehn and Yahr. MPALS = moderate-intensity lifestyle activities.