Figure 4.

DMPO-OH radical. (a) DMPO-OH signals detected by ESR. (b) the intensity of the DMPO-OH signal. Horizontal lines within boxes denote median values, and × marks denote the mean values. ·OH significantly increased in the HIC group compared with the control group; however, the increase was significantly suppressed by the administration of YKS. * Significant difference (p < 0.05) (Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test and Bonferroni correction). HIC, Hunner type interstitial cystitis; YKS, Yokukansan; DMPO, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide; ·OH; Hydroxyl radical.