Oxidative Stress Parameters. (a) d-ROMs test; (b) 8-OHdG. Horizontal lines within boxes denote median values, and x marks denote the mean values. * Significant difference (p < 0.05) (Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test and Bonferroni correction). (c–h) Immunofluorescent staining of 8-OHdG in the bladder. The upper row (c–e) includes only 8-OHdG, and the lower row (f–h) includes 8-OHdG and nuclei. Red, 8-OHdG; blue, DAPI (nuclei). The white scale bar is 200 μm. HIC, Hunner type interstitial cystitis; YKS, Yokukansan; d-ROMs, diacron reactive oxygen metabolites; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.