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. 2022 Jun 11;14(6):1238. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061238

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vitro release of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA4Pro) from NPs in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4. (a) PGA-co-PDL and (b) PLGA NPs carrying surface-adsorbed PspA4Pro at pH 4 or 7 prepared by o/w single emulsion. (c) PGA-co-PDL and (d) PLGA NPs prepared at pH 7.0 by w/o/w double emulsion with encapsulated PspA4Pro. The inset in (d) shows the same data in another Y-axis scale. Hybrid NPs were prepared with carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-CS) and with chitosan hydrochloride (HCl-CS). Data represent mean ± SD, n = 3.