Table 2.
Biological activity of reported metabolites from Carpesium abrotanoides.
| Compound Name | Biological Activity | Assay/Organism/ Cell Line |
Biological Results | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Positive Control | ||||
| Inuviscolide (10) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 17.26 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| 8-Epi-isoinuviscolide (12) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 16.87 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| 4α,5α-Epoxy-10α,14-dihydro-inuviscolide (14) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 1.8 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM (ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 5.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 3.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 3.3 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 4.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 5.8 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| Caroguaianolide A (17) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 7.96 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 10.47 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| Caroguaianolide B (18) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 4.25 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 6.47 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| Caroguaianolide C (19) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 2.67 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 4.83 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| Caroguaianolide D (20) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 17.21 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| Caroguaianolide E (21) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 18.37 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| Akihalin (22) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 4.83 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 7.35 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| 4β-Hydroxy,10β-hydroperoxyl,5αH,7αH,8βH-guaia-1,11(13)- dien-8α,12-olide (23) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 5.79 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 12.34 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| 4α-Hydroxy-1βH-guaia-9,11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide (25) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 4.07 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 8.95 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| 1α,4α-Dihydroxy-guaia-11(13)-ene-12,8α-olide (26) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/HeLa | 15.6 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 28.5 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Anti-influenza A | CCK-8/H1N1 | 1.3 μM (IC50) | Oseltamivir 0.05 μM (IC50) | [54] | |
| 4α,5α-Dihydroxy-guaia-11(13)-en-12,8α-lactone (27) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 30.3 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 9.9 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/A549 | 47.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 40.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 16.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Anti-influenza A | CCK-8/H1N1 | 0.4 μM (IC50) | Oseltamivir 0.05 μM (IC50) | [54] | |
| Carpesiolin (28) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 9.6 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM (ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 13.2 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 9.8 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 7.7 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 9.3 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 6.7 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| 2,3-Dihydroaromomaticin (29) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 5.0 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM (ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 7.1 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 3.9 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 4.0 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 3.3 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 8.1 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| MTT/A549 | 7.09 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HepG2 | 9.03 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 5.16 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HCT116 | 10.15 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 30.62 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/CNE2 | 12.99 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 1.16 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| 2-Desoxy-4-epi-pulchellin (31) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/K562 | 17.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] |
| CCK-8/MCF-7 | 11.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.3 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HeLa | 6.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.9 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/DU145 | 3.1 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/U937 | 2.2 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/H1975 | 13.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/SGC-7901 | 22.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 9.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/A549 | 6.2 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/MOLT-4 | 5.5 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.7 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HL60 | 2.4 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 18.67 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| MTT/A549 | 6.04 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HepG2 | 18.25 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 21.55 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| Antiviral | CPE inhibition/H1N1 | 29.3 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.025 μM (IC50) | [56] | |
| CPE inhibition/H3N2 | 47.3 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.015 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| Antimycobacterial | GFPMA/Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv, H37Ra | 7.6 μM (MIC) | Isoniazid, 2.0 μM (MIC) | [56] | |
| 3aR,4aS,5S,7aS,8S,9aR)-5-Hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylen-decahydroa-zuleno [6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-on (32) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 5.32 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.56 μM (IC50) | [51] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 11.44 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.68 μM (IC50) | [51] | ||
| Telekin (35) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 7.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 7.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 4.1 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 4.9 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 6.6 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 6.7 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| HepG2/CCK-8 | 2.95 μM (IC50) | Paclitaxel | [16] | ||
| MTT/A549 | 11.08 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HepG2 | 7.89 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 9.46 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HCT116 | 9.69 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 30.62 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/CNE2 | 13.66 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 1.16 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| 5α-Epoxyalantolactone (38) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/A549 | 3.51 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] |
| MTT/HepG2 | 2.73 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 4.18 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HCT116 | 3.75 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 30.62 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/CNE2 | 7.21 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 1.16 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/NCM460 | 13.66 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine | [52] | ||
| Ivalin (40) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 7.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 9.9 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 3.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 3.0 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 2.9 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 2.6 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| MTT/A549 | 7.77 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HepG2 | 6.1 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 7.42 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HCT116 | 13.12 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 30.62 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/CNE2 | 23.6 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 1.16 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| 2α,5α-Dihydroxy-11αH-eudesma-4(15)-en-12,8β-olide (41) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 21.8 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 8.5 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Sw620 | 42.3 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 37.9 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/RBE | 45.1 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 42.5 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 42.6 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/HepG2 | 9.83 μM (IC50) | Paclitaxel | [16] | ||
| (5α)-5-Hydroxyasperilin (42) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 25.8 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 10.7 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Sw620 | 28.1 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 37.9 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/RBE | 28.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 42.5 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 21.5 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Carpabrotalactone B (43) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 33.8 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 25.6 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 45.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Anti-influenza A | CCK-8/H1N1 | 6.2 μM (IC50) | Oseltamivir 0.05 μM (IC50) | [54] | |
| Carpabrotalactone C (44) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/A549 | 19.1 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 12.77 μM (IC50) | [58] |
| CCK-8/SMMC-7721 | 23.68 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 5.1 μM (IC50) | [58] | ||
| CCK-8/MCF-7 | 20.32 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 12.6 μM (IC50) | [58] | ||
| CCK-8/SW480 | 11.46 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 6.67 μM (IC50) | [58] | ||
| Oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8α-lactone (45) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/HepG2 | 4.15 μM (IC50) | Paclitaxel | [16] |
| Anti-inflammatory | NO inhibition/LPS | 63.23 μM (IC50) | Dexamethasone 3.61 μM (IC50) | [58] | |
| 11(13)-Dehydroivaxillin (48) |
Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/K562 | 1.7 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] |
| CCK-8/MCF-7 | 4.1 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.3 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HeLa | 1.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.9 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/DU145 | 0.38 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/U937 | 0.21 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/H1975 | 5.4 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/SGC-7901 | 6.4 μM (IC50) | Taxol 9.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/A549 | 2.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/MOLT-4 | 1.2 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.7 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/ISK | 13.7 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/HeLa | 12.3 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Sw620 | 12.1 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 37.9 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/RBE | 7.8 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 42.5 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 20.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| MTT/A549 | 17.6 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 18.5 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/HepG2 | 14.59 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 9.29 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 10.88 μM (IC50) | Vinblastine 42.51 μM (IC50) | [52] | ||
| CCK-8/HL60 | 0.18 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [60] | ||
| Anti-influenza A | CCK-8/H1N1 | 11.6 μM (IC50) | Oseltamivir 0.05 μM (IC50) | [54] | |
| Antiviral | CPE inhibition/H1N1 | 10.8 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.025 μM (IC50) | [56] | |
| CPE inhibition/H3N2 | 11.6 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.015 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| Antimycobacterial | GFPMA/Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv, H37Ra | 6.0 μM (MIC) | Isoniazid, 2.0 μM (MIC) | [56] | |
| 11,13-Didehydroivaxillin (49) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 11.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 18.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 9.7 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 9.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 10.6 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 7.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| Eriolin (50) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 41.6 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 14.8 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Sw620 | 46.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 37.9 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 12.7 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Anti-influenza A | CCK-8/H1N1 | 16.4 μM (IC50) | Oseltamivir 0.05 μM (IC50) | [54] | |
| Carpabrotalactone A (52) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/ISK | 21.0 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 31.2 μM (IC50) | [54] |
| CCK-8/HeLa | 9.6 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 11.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Sw620 | 44.5 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 37.9 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| CCK-8/Caco-2 | 13.4 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 22.1 μM (IC50) | [54] | ||
| Carperemophilane A (53) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 22.67 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.89 μM (IC50) | [60] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 24.83 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.73 μM (IC50) | [60] | ||
| Carperemophilane B (54) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 34.83 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.89 μM (IC50) | [60] |
| MTT/HGC-27 | 37.35 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.73 μM (IC50) | [60] | ||
| Carabrone (55) | Antifungal | Spore germination/Colletotrichum lagenarium | 7.1 μg/mL (EC50) | Chlorothalonil 0.75 μg/mL (EC50) | [69] |
| Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 6.2 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM ED50) | [51] | |
| SRB/A549 | 17.1 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 11.3 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 8.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 19.8 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 7.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| MTT/HCT117 | 17.13 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.20 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 43.66 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.003 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/K562 | 19.42 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.04 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/HL60 | 23.29 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin < 0.001 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| Carabrol (56) | Cytotoxicity | SRB/L1210 | 11.4 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 0.07 μM ED50) | [51] |
| SRB/A549 | 13.1 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 4.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-OV-3 | 10.6 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.8 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/SK-MEL-2 | 11.2 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.6 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/XF-498 | 13.5 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 2.9 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| SRB/HCT-15 | 10.8 μM (ED50) | Cisplatin 7.1 μM (ED50) | [51] | ||
| CCK-8/K562 | 4.7 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/MCF-7 | 47.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.3 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HeLa | 6.6 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.9 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/DU145 | 2.6 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/U937 | 0.94 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/H1975 | 4.0 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/MOLT-4 | 8.9 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.7 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HL60 | 0.36 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB-231 | 7.45 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 4.89 μM (IC50) | [60] | ||
| MTT/HGC-27 | 10.27 μM (IC50) | Mitomycin C 6.73 μM (IC50) | [60] | ||
| MTT/HCT117 | 29.95 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.20 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 32.26 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.003 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/K562 | 9.1 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.04 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/HL60 | 23.73 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin < 0.001 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| Antiviral | CPE inhibition/H1N1 | 45.5 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.025 μM (IC50) | [56] | |
| Carabrol-4-O-palmitate (58) | Cytotoxicity | MTA/HL60 | 45.85 μM (IC50) | Cisplatin 2.32 μM (IC50) | [53] |
| Dicarabrol (60) | Cytotoxicity | CCK-8/K562 | 1.2 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] |
| CCK-8/MCF-7 | 3.3 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.3 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HeLa | 0.61 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.9 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/DU145 | 0.31 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/U937 | 0.15 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/H1975 | 1.4 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/SGC-7901 | 0.71 μM (IC50) | Taxol 9.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/A549 | 2.7 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.1 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/MOLT-4 | 1.3 μM (IC50) | Taxol 2.7 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| CCK-8/HL60 | 0.10 μM (IC50) | Taxol 3.8 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| Antiviral | CPE inhibition/H1N1 | 15.9 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.025 μM (IC50) | [56] | |
| CPE inhibition/H3N2 | 30.0 μM (IC50) | Osehamivir 0.015 μM (IC50) | [56] | ||
| Antimycobacterial | GFPMA/Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv, H37Ra | 3.7 μM (MIC) | Isoniazid, 2.0 μM (MIC) | [56] | |
| Dicarabrol A (61) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 8.7 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [63] |
| Dicarabrol B (62) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 20.0 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [62] |
| MTT/A549 | 20.0 μM (IC50)) | Doxorubicin | [62] | ||
| Dicarabrol C (63) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 3.6 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [62] |
| Dicarabrone A (64) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 9.1 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [64] |
| Dicarabrone B (65) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 8.2 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [64] |
| Dicarabrone C (66) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 8.2 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [63] |
| Carabrodilactone A (67) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/A549 | 4.34 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [65] |
| MTT/HCT117 | 3.08 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [65] | ||
| MTT/MDA-MB 231 | 8.05 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [65] | ||
| MTT/BEL 7404 | 3.2 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [65] | ||
| Carpedilactone A (72) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/A549 | 2.63 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [71] |
| MTT/BEL 7404 | 5.53 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.22 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| MTT/HLF | 1.45 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.07 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 0.14 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.01 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| Carpedilactone B (73) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/A549 | 9.53 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.05 μM (IC50) | [71] |
| MTT/BEL 7404 | 14.19 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.22 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| MTT/HLF | 3.31 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.07 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 0.32 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.01 μM (IC50) | [71] | ||
| Dipulchellin A (74) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HL60 | 8.9 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin | [63] |
| Faberidilactone A (75) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HCT117 | 3.44 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.20 μM (IC50) | [70] |
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 2.71 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.003 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/K562 | 2.63 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.04 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/HL60 | 4.95 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin < 0.001 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| Faberidilactone C (76) | Cytotoxicity | MTT/HCT117 | 4.00 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.20 μM (IC50) | [70] |
| MTT/CCRF-CEM | 2.66 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.003 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/K562 | 4.92 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin 0.04 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
| MTT/HL60 | 8.12 μM (IC50) | Doxorubicin < 0.001 μM (IC50) | [70] | ||
Abbreviations: A375: Human malignant melanoma cell line; A549: Lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line; BEL 7404: Human liver carcinoma cell line; Caco-2: Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells line; Caski: Human cervical carcinoma; CCRF-CEM: Human leukemic cell line; CNE2: Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell; DU145: Human prostate cancer cell line; GES-1: Human gastric cell line; GP2-293:Human embryonic kidney line; H1975: Human non-small lung cancer cell line; HCC: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; HCT116: Human colon cancer cell line; HCT-15: Human colon adenocarcinoma colorectal adenocarcinoma; HCT117: Colon carcinoma cell line; Hep3B: Human hepatoma cell line; HepG2: Human liver cancer cell line; HeLa: Human cervical cancer cell line; HGC-27: Human gastric cancer cell line; HL60: Human leukemia cell line; HLF: Human hepatoma cell line; HTC-15: Human colorectal carcinoma cell line; Huh7: Human hepato-cellular carcinoma cell line; ISK: Human endometrial epithelial cell line; K562: Human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line; L1210: Mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line; L-O2: Normal human hepatic cell line; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cell line; MDA-MB-231: Human breast cancer cell line; MOLT-4: Human T lymphoblast cell line; MDCK: Madin-Darby canine kidney; NCM460: Human normal colonic epithelial cell line; RBE: Human esophageal cancer cell line; SGC-7901: Human gastric cancer cell line; SH-SY5Y: Human neuroblastoma cell line; SK-MEL-2: Human melanoma cell line; SK-OV-3: Human ovarian cancer cell line; SMMC-7721: Human hepatocarcinoma cell line; SW620, SW480: Human colorectal cancer cell line; U937: Human leukemia cell line; XF-498: Human central nervous system solid tumor cell line; CCK-8: Cell counting Kit-8; CPE: Cytopathic effect; EC50: Half maximal effective concentration; H3N2: Influenza A Virus subtype H3N2; H1N1: Influenza A Virus subtype H1N1; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; NO: Nitric oxide; GFPMA: Green fluorescent protein microplate assay; SRB: Sulforhodamine B; MTS: (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazoliuminner salt).