Table 1.
A single TLRa in combination with nanoparticles.
| Nanoparticles | Sub Classses | TLRa | Immunoadjuvants | Administration Route | Tumor Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nanoplexed formulation complexed with PEI | TLR3 | poly(I:C) | anti-CD137, anti-PD-L1 | intratumoral | MC38, 4T1, B16-F10 | [38] |
| PLGA-based nanoparticles | TLR4 | LPS | N/A | peritumoral | C26, GL261 | [78] |
| mIONPsp | TLR4 | LOS | ovalbumin | subcutaneous | B16-F10 | [84] |
| Hf-DBP nMOF | TLR7 | R837 | anti-PD-L1 | intratumoral | CT26 | [83] |
| poly(L-glutamic acid)-graft-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 (CA4-NPs) | TLR7 | hypoxia-sensitive imiquimod (hs-IMQ) | N/A | intraperitoneal | 4T1 | [85] |
| upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) | TLR7 | R837 | chlorin e6 (Ce6), anti-CTLA-4 | subcutaneous | CT26 | [86] |
| NP-based cancer vaccine (nanovaccine) |
TLR7/8 | 522 | tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib, anti-PD-L1 | subcutaneous | MB49, B16F10 | [87] |
| PEG-histamine-modified alginate (PHA) nano-complex | TLR7 | let-7b | cationic Bletilla Striata polysaccharide (cBSP) |
intravenous | 4T1 | [88] |
| poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)–based nanomicellar | TLR7/8 | R848 | anti-PD-1 | intravenous | 344SQ lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) | [89] |
| acidic pH-responsive PLGA nanoparticles | TLR7/8 | 522 | N/A | subcutaneous | B16F10 | [79] |
| PLGA nanoparticles | TLR7/8 | 522 | N/A | subcutaneous | B16F10, MB49, Renca-GL | [80] |
| PLGA nanoparticles | TLR7/8 | Gardiquimod | 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) | intratumoral | B16-F10 | [81] |
| mTEGMA&PFPMA in DMSO into NPs | TLR7/8 | IMDQ | anti-PDL1, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) |
peritumoral | CT26, B16 | [76] |
| platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles | TLR7/8 | R848 | N/A | intratumoral | MC38, HT-29, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231 | [90] |
| β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles(CDNP-R848) | TLR7/8 | R848 | anti-PD-1 | intravenous | MC38, B16.F10 | [91] |
| adamantane-modified cyclodextrin nanoparticles (CDNPs) | TLR7/8 | R848 | N/A | intravenous | MC38 | [92] |
| PANI-GCS NPs | TLR7/8 | R848 | N/A | intratumoral | CT26 | [93] |
| HA-Toco nano-suspension | TLR7/8 | R848 | N/A | intratumoral | AT84 | [94] |
| PLGA-PLA NPs | TLR7/8 TLR9 TLR3 | R848 or CpG ODNs or poly(I:C) | HPV-16 E7/E6 fusion protein, anti-PD-L1, cisplatin | subcutaneous | TC-1 | [95] |
| human ferritin heavy chain (rHF) nanocages | TLR9 | CpG ODNs | M2 macrophage-targeting peptide (M2pep) | intravenous | 4T1 | [96] |
| CHP nanogel | TLR9 | CpG ODN | long peptide antigen (LPA) | intravenous | CMS5a | [97] |
| PEI nanocomplex | TLR9 | CpG | N/A | intratumoral | B16F10 | [98] |
| PEG-PE & PSA polymeric hybrid micelles (HMs) | TLR9 | CpG ODN | Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) peptide | subcutaneous | B16F10 | [99] |