Table 1.

Main precursors for spray-coating fabrication method with their respective water contact angle, titling angle and surface roughness.

Low Surface Energy Material	Solvent	Nanoparticle	Substrate	WCA (°)	TA (°)	Surface Roughness (µm)	Reference
PU		Hexadecyl polysiloxane modified SiO2	Glass	163.9	3.7		[3]
PDMS	Ethyl acetate	SiO2	Glass	157		5.357	[10]
PDMS	Hexane	SiO2		164	2	0.023	[12]
OCTES	Ethanol, water	SiO2	Metal	155	<5		[18]
PU	THF	SiO2	Glass	160	<2	2.550	[20]
Fluorosilicone	Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate	SiO2	Glass	153	2.5		[34]
PDMS, PMMS	Hexane	SiO2	Polyurethane acrylate	160	5		[35]
PDMS	Hexane	SiO2	Glass	156	1		[36]
Fluorinated polysiloxane	Butyl acetate	ZnO	Steel	166	4		[37]
Glass resin	Isopropanol	SiO2	Aluminium	155	4		[38]
PDMS	THF	Camphor soot particles	Glass	171	5	1.491	[39]
HMDS	γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane	SiO2	Glass, wood, filter paper, cotton, plastic, stone, fabric and aluminium foil	161	6.5		[40]
Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS)	Ethanol	SiO2	White rice husks and cabbage	155	-		[41]
Hydrophobic silica	Hexane	SiO2	Body of motorcycle, building wall	160	6		[42]
PDMS	Hexane	SiO2	Glass, paper, and plastic	156.4	5		[43]
Paper mulch	Anhydrous ethanol	SiO2		160.6	4.2		[44]