Table 1.
Characteristic of covariant.
| Level | Overall a | Periodontitis | No Periodontitis a | χ2 | p b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 8959 | 3994 | 4965 | |||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 52.36 (14.16) | 56.75 (13.63) | 48.82 (13.59) | / | <0.001 | |
| Gender (%) | Female | 4585 (51.2) | 1681 (42.1) | 2904 (58.5) | 237.64 | <0.001 |
| Male | 4374 (48.8) | 2313 (57.9) | 2061 (41.5) | |||
| Edu (%) | <High school graduate | 1950 (21.8) | 1209 (30.3) | 741 (14.9) | 551.05 | <0.001 |
| College | 2576 (28.8) | 1053 (26.4) | 1523 (30.7) | |||
| College graduate | 2490 (27.8) | 717 (18.0) | 1773 (35.7) | |||
| High school graduate | 1943 (21.7) | 1015 (25.4) | 928 (18.7) | |||
| Income (%) | High | 3106 (34.7) | 1002 (25.1) | 2104 (42.4) | 314.75 | <0.001 |
| Low | 2600 (29.0) | 1419 (35.5) | 1181 (23.8) | |||
| Middle | 3253 (36.3) | 1573 (39.4) | 1680 (33.8) | |||
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 29.48 (6.74) | 29.65 (6.73) | 29.35 (6.74) | / | 0.037 | |
| Diabetes (%) | Diabetes | 1399 (15.6) | 845 (21.2) | 554 (11.2) | 167.17 | <0.001 |
| No diabetes | 7560 (84.4) | 3149 (78.8) | 4411 (88.8) | |||
| Alcohol (%) | Drinkers | 6604 (73.7) | 2936 (73.5) | 3668 (73.9) | 0.1354 | 0.713 |
| Nondrinkers | 2355 (26.3) | 1058 (26.5) | 1297 (26.1) | |||
| HPL (%) | Hyperlipidemia | 4077 (45.5) | 1939 (48.5) | 2138 (43.1) | 26.646 | <0.001 |
| No hyperlipidemia | 4882 (54.5) | 2055 (51.5) | 2827 (56.9) | |||
| HTN (%) | Hypertension | 5113 (57.1) | 2612 (65.4) | 2501 (50.4) | 203.35 | <0.001 |
| No hypertension | 3846 (42.9) | 1382 (34.6) | 2464 (49.6) | |||
| Phy (%) | No physical activity | 2866 (32.0) | 1406 (35.2) | 1460 (29.4) | 33.923 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | 6093 (68.0) | 2588 (64.8) | 3505 (70.6) | |||
| Smoke (%) | Active smoker | 1598 (17.8) | 970 (24.3) | 628 (12.6) | 334.72 | <0.001 |
| Former smoker | 2322 (25.9) | 1180 (29.5) | 1142 (23.0) | |||
| Never smoker | 5039 (56.2) | 1844 (46.2) | 3195 (64.4) | |||
a: Continuous variables such as age and gender are the mean (standard deviation), and other categorical variables are the number of people (percentage); b: chi-square test was used for continuous variables and rank-sum test for classified variables; SD: stand error; BMI: body mass index; HPL: hyperlipidemia; HTN: hypertension; phy: physical activity.