Table 1.
Comparison of input features and type of methods.
| Methods | Input Features | Type | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light-CNN [19] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| eXnet [15] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| Pre-trained CNN [19] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| PG-CNN [14] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| DLP-CNN [12] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| gACNN [13] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| RASnet [11] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| DeRL [16] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| ResiDen [20] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| SHCNN [21] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| ResNet-PL [22] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| RAN [23] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| SCN [24] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| DACL [25] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| ARM [26] | Lower + Upper | Face-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| RTFER [11] | Lower + Upper | Constituent-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| DenseNet [27] | Lower + Upper | Constituent-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| OADN [28] | Lower + Upper | Constituent-based | Mainly rely on Lower |
| Proposed Method | Upper | Constituent-based | Rely only on Upper |