Table 1.
Characteristics of study groups and comparative analysis of body composition and anthropometric measurements in DS children with normal and excess body mass.
| Parameters | All n = 39 |
Normal Weight n = 24 |
Overweight/Obesity n = 15 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls/boys | 24/15 | 13/11 | 11/4 | 0.317 |
| Age (years) | 14.3 ± 2.4 | 14.4 ± 2.3 | 14.1 ± 2.6 | 0.873 |
| Cardiac operation in the first year of life (n, %) | 19 (49%) | 13 (54%) | 6 (40%) | 0.389 |
| Atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect (n, %) | 8 (21%) | 6 (25%) | 2 (13%) | 0.450 |
| Atrioventricular canal defect (n, %) | 14 (36%) | 9 (38%) | 5 (33%) | 0.792 |
| Thyroid hormone replacement therapy (n, %) | 35 (90%) | 22 (92%) | 13 (87%) | 0.631 |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) mU/L | 2.5 (2.05;3.17) | 2.47 (2;3.4) | 2.6 (1.7;3.17) | 0.312 |
| Weight (kg) | 48.9 ± 13.1 | 43.1 ± 10.6 | 57.8 ± 11.9 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.46 ± 0.11 | 1.48 ± 0.12 | 1.45 ± 0.11 | 0.442 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 4.3 | 20.6 ± 3.0 | 27.1 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 75.8 ± 10.9 | 69.8 ± 7.5 | 85.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 16.7 ± 7.2 | 12.7 ± 3.6 | 22.9 ± 7.1 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass percentile | 73.0 (44.5;90.0) |
56.5 (35.5;73) |
91.5 (81.5;94.5) |
0.001 |
| Fat mass (%) | 33.6 ± 9.2 | 29.3 ± 6.4 | 40.3 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass/Height2 (kg/m2) | 7.2 (4.8;10.6) |
5.1 (4.6;7.3) |
10.7 (10.3;12.7) |
<0.001 |
| Fat mass/Height2 percentile | 53 (41.5;85.5) |
45 (30.5;53.0) |
87 (76.5;91.5) |
<0.001 |
| Visceral fat mass (g) | 252 (201;332) |
229 (172;272) |
331 (257;491) |
0.002 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 32.2 ± 8.7 | 31.2 ± 9.0 | 33.7 ± 8 | 0.452 |
| Bone mineral mass (g) | 1353 ± 370 | 1328 ± 411 | 1392 ± 307 | 0.629 |
| Bone mineral mass (z-score) |
−1.28 ± 1.55 | −1.42 ± 1.82 | −1.1 ± 1.02 | 0.530 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or median (lower, upper quartile) depending on the distribution. Statistical significance when p < 0.05.