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. 2022 May 26;14(6):1150. doi: 10.3390/v14061150

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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ML-141 treatments inhibit filopodia and decrease HPV16 infection in HaCaT cells. Confocal microscopy images of cells treated with 10 µM ML-141 (A–E) or treated with both drug and virus (F–J) for 2 h at 37 °C. Nuclei stained with DAPI (grey), F-actin visualized with phalloidin (green), and L1 capsid protein stained with H16.V5 (red). Merged images of all channels (E,J). Virus binds along the outside of the HaCaT cell membranes that lack filopodia (H). Percent infection with or without drug treatment was measured with flow cytometry (K). Data was taken from three individual experiments in triplicate. Statistical differences determined by ANOVA Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, (samples compared to control infection, n = 9, *** p < 0.001). Average was displayed with SEM.

ML-141 treatments inhibit filopodia and decrease HPV16 infection in HaCaT cells. Confocal microscopy images of cells treated with 10 µM ML-141 (A–E) or treated with both drug and virus (F–J) for 2 h at 37 °C. Nuclei stained with DAPI (grey), F-actin visualized with phalloidin (green), and L1 capsid protein stained with H16.V5 (red). Merged images of all channels (E,J). Virus binds along the outside of the HaCaT cell membranes that lack filopodia (H). Percent infection with or without drug treatment was measured with flow cytometry (K). Data was taken from three individual experiments in triplicate. Statistical differences determined by ANOVA Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, (samples compared to control infection, n = 9, *** p < 0.001). Average was displayed with SEM.