Table 6.

Optimal hyperparameter values for each model.

Models	Sub-Models	$\mathrm{Initial} \mathrm{Learning} \mathrm{Rate}, {\alpha }_1$	$\mathrm{Learning} \mathrm{Rate} \mathrm{Multiplier}, \lambda$	Dropout Rate	Batch Size
DenseNet	DenseNet201	0.003	0.01	0.1	32
EfficientNet	EfficientNetB4	0.01	0.01	0.2	8
Inception	InceptionV3	0.03	0.001	0.1	128
MobileNet	MobileNetV3-Large	0.01	0.01	0.2	32
ResNet	ResNet50V2	0.03	0.001	0.3	32
VGG	VGG16	0.0001	0.1	0.3	16