Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the women with a normal or abnormal second-trimester oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
| OGTT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Abnormal | p | |
| n = 1536 | n = 576 | ||
| Age (y) | 31.1 ± 4.7 | 32.5 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy Weight (kg) | 74.4 ± 16.7 | 80.7 ± 17.5 | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 5.7 | 29.3 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Nulliparous (%) | 49.7 | 45.1 | 0.058 |
| Singleton pregnancy (%) | 97.1 | 97.9 | 0.283 |
| Northern European Ancestry (%) | 79.4 | 76.3 | 0.129 |
| History of GDM (%) | 2.9 | 4.3 | 0.122 |
| Family history of DM (%) | 18.8 | 15.8 | 0.094 |
| History of macrosomia (%) | 7.2 | 6.8 | 0.791 |
| PCOS (%) | 6.1 | 2.3 | <0.001 |
| Gestational age OGTT (wk+d) | 25+2 ± 1+0 | 25+2 ± 1+1 | 0.838 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.7 ± 16.2 | 87.0 ± 16.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 5.4 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 80 ± 7 | 83 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 0.002 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 0.107 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.98 ± 0.73 | 2.26 ± 0.82 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| OGTT | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Glucose load 1 h (mmol/L) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Glucose load 2 h (mmol/L) | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 52.7 ± 39.9 | 79.4 ± 51.5 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 11.1 ± 8.5 | 19.2 ± 13.9 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-β (%) | 921 ± 707 | 878 ± 503 | 0.183 |
| Insulin resistance (%) | 19.0 | 53.4 | <0.001 |
| Low beta cell function (%) | 52.0 | 51.8 | 0.927 |
y = year; BMI = body mass index; GDM = Gestational diabetes mellitus; DM = Diabetes Mellitus; PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome; wk+d = gestational age in weeks + days; MAP = mean arterial pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR = insulin resistance; HOMA-β = beta cell function. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as numbers (%).