Table 4.

Percentage of women with GDM who received medication as a function of insulin resistance and concomitant beta cell function.

		Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
Beta cell function (HOMA-β)	Q1						17/89 (19%) **
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 3 (10%)	M: 4 (36%)	M: 1 (10%)	M: 1 (33%)	M: 9 (10%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 1 (3%)	I: 4 (36%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 1 (33%)	I: 6 (7%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 1 (10%)	MI: 1 (33%)	MI: 2 (2%)
	Q2						23/118 (19%) **
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 2 (8%)	M: 6 (13%)	M: 3 (9%)	M: 0 (0%)	M: 11 (9%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 2 (4%)	I: 4 (12%)	I: 2 (29%)	I: 8 (7%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 1 (4%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 2 (6%)	MI: 1 (14%)	MI: 4 (3%)
	Q3						28/140 (20%) **
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 0 (0%)	M: 1 (5%)	M: 2 (3%)	M: 10 (20%)	M: 13 (9%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 2 (11%)	I: 6 (9%)	I: 5 (10%)	I: 13 (9%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 2 (4%)	MI: 2 (1%)
	Q4						22/112 (20%)
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 1 (100%)	M: 0 (0%)	M: 4 (15%)	M: 11 (14%)	M: 16 (14%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 1 (17%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 4 (5%)	I: 5 (4%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 1 (1%)	MI: 1 (1%)
	Q5						16/97 (16%)
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 0 (0%)	M: 0 (0%)	M: 1 (13%)	M: 13 (15%)	M: 14 (14%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 0 (0%)	I: 2 (2%)	I: 2 (2%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 0 (0%)
		0/40 (0%)	8/60 (13%)	20/85 (24%)	24/147 (16%)	54/224 (24%) *	106/556 (19%)
		M: 0 (0%)	M: 6 (10%)	M: 11 (13%)	M: 11 (7%)	M: 35 (16%)	M: 63 (11%)
		I: 0 (0%)	I: 1 (2%)	I: 9 (11%)	I: 10 (7%)	I: 14 (6%)	I: 34 (6%)
		MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 1 (2%)	MI: 0 (0%)	MI: 3 (2%)	MI: 5 (2%)	MI: 9 (2%)

Q = quintile, M: metformin, I: insulin and MI: metformin and insulin. p for trend; * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01).