Table 1.

Randomized controlled trials of BoNT as a treatment for depression.

Study	Trial Number	Participants	Intervention *	PrimaryOutcome Scale	Primary Endpoint	Main Results
[17]	NCT00934687	N = 30 (23 women/7 men)	29/39 U onabotulinumtoxinA or saline placebo	HAM-D17	6 weeks after baseline	Significantly greater improvement and response rate in the BoNT group
[18]	NCT01556971	N = 74 (69 women/5 men)	29/40 U onabotulinumtoxinA or saline placebo	MADRS	6 weeks after baseline	Significantly greater improvement, response and remission rate in the BoNT group
[19]	NCT01392963	N = 30 (28 women/2 men)	29/39 U onabotulinumtoxinA or saline placebo	HAM-D21	6 weeks after baseline	Significantly greater improvement and response rate in the BoNT group
[20]	TCTR20170409001	N = 28 (14 women/14 men)	OnabotulinumtoxinA or unspecified placebo	BDI	6 weeks after baseline	Significantly greater improvement in the BoNT group
[21]	NCT02116361	N = 123 (women only) N = 132 (women only)	30 U onabotulinumtoxinA or saline placebo 50 U onabotulinumtoxinA or saline placebo	MADRS	6 weeks after baseline	Numerically greater improvement in the 30 U BoNT group

Notes: * Doses separated by “/” refer to women and men, respectively. Abbreviations: U, units; HAM-D₁₇, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; HAM-D₂₁, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.