Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the groups.
| Parameter | Group C | Group NC | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M, SD | 66.56 ± 7.49 (86) | 66.79 ± 7.61(71) | 0.853 * |
| Age groups | |||
| <60, M, SD (N) | 55.67 ± 4.43 (15) | 55.50 ± 4.10 (12) | 0.920 * |
| 60–70, M, SD (N) | 65.45 ± 2.66 (47) | 65.46 ± 3.92 (39) | 0.980 * |
| >70, M, SD (N) | 75.96 ± 3.26 (23) | 76.15 ± 3.34 (20) | 0.849 * |
| Female, N (%) | 47 (54.65%) | 41 (57.74%) | 0.522 ** |
| Rural area, N (%) | 40 (46.51%) | 35 (49.30%) | 0.563 ** |
| BMI, M, SD | 28.42 ± 4.78 | 28.07 ± 4.69 | 0.647 * |
| Smoker, N (%) | 21 (24.42%) | 11 (15.49%) | 0.077 ** |
| Alcohol user, N (%) | 8 (9.30%) | 14 (19.72%) | 0.200 ** |
| Coffee user, N (%) | 23 (26.74%) | 13 (18.31%) | 0.095 ** |
| PMH, N (%) | |||
| Kyphosis | 81 (94.19%) | 68 (95.77%) | 0.286 ** |
| Scoliosis | 54 (62.79%) | 43 (60.56%) | 0.264 ** |
| Bone fractures | 18 (20.93%) | 13 (18.31%) | 0.369 ** |
M, mean value; SD, standard deviation value; N, total number; BMI, body mass index; PMH, past medical history; p values, statistical significance (*, t-test; **, chi-square test).