Conserved taste avoidance of copper and zinc ions in other drosophilids and the mosquito species Ae. albopictus. (A) Phylogenetic tree of drosophilid species included in this study. (B and C) Feeding preferences to 10 mM copper (B) or zinc (C) of different drosophilids. n = 10. Asterisks indicate significant differences from 0 (**P < 0.01), Wilcoxon signed rank test. (D and E) Feeding preferences to copper (D) or zinc (E) of mosquitoes. n = 9 for 0 mM; n = 6 for all other concentrations. Asterisks indicate significant differences from 0 (*P < 0.05), Wilcoxon signed rank test. (F and G) Egg-laying preferences to copper (F) or zinc (G) of mosquitoes. n = 10. Asterisks indicate significant differences from 0 (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01), Wilcoxon signed rank test. Error bars are SEM. ns, not significant.