Table 1. Health and environmental outcomes selected for warning messages and supporting literature.

Health Outcome	Key Citations	Professional Association Dietary Recommendation for Red Meat Consumption
Type 2 diabetes	[37,38]	American Diabetes Association [39]: Recommendation: “limiting intake” of red meat for diabetes prevention.
Several types of cancer Colon and rectal cancer Colon cancer	[40–42]	American Cancer Society [43]: Notes: “It is not known if there is a safe level of consumption for either red or processed meats.” Recommendation: “choosing protein foods such as fish, poultry, and beans more often than red meat, and for people who eat processed meat products to do so sparingly, if at all.”
Cardiovascular disease Heart damage	[44]	American Heart Association [45]: Notes: “In general, red meats (beef, pork and lamb) have more saturated (bad) fat than chicken, fish and vegetable proteins such as beans. Saturated and trans fats can raise your blood cholesterol and make heart disease worse.” Recommendation: “Minimize processed red meats like bacon, ham, salami, sausages, hot dogs, beef jerky and deli slices…Choose nonfried fish, shellfish, poultry without the skin, and trimmed lean meats, no more than 5.5 ounces, cooked, per day.”
Stroke	[46,47]	The American Stroke Association is a division of the American Heart Association; see above recommendations from the American Heart Association [45].
Early death	[48,49]	N/A no professional association
Environmental Outcome	Key Citations
Climate change/ global warming	[12,50]
Climate change, which leads to extreme weather events	[51]
Water pollution	[50,52]
Carbon footprint/greenhouse gas emissions	[13]
Deforestation	[15]
Water shortages	[52,53]
[harms the] environment/ planet	[2,50]