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. 2022 Jun 24;17(6):e0269996. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269996

Table 4. Effect size analyses by controlling variables.

Effect size Test for subgroup difference
K g SE 95%CI-L 95%CI-U Q df p
Participant
School Level Kindergarten 5 0.28 0.10 0.10 0.47 1.50 3 .682
Elementary 124 0.38 0.04 0.30 0.45
Middle 18 0.36 0.12 0.11 0.60
High 6 0.17 0.23 -0.28 0.62
Group Composition Without disabilities 117 0.32 0.04 0.24 0.40 6.87 2 .032
With disabilities 19 0.47 0.13 0.22 0.72
Inclusion 17 0.58 0.09 0.41 0.76
Program
Program Type Curricular 48 0.24 0.03 0.18 0.29 2.98 1 .084
Extra-curricular 105 0.42 0.06 0.31 0.53
Effect proven 86 0.38 0.05 0.28 0.49 0.65 1 .421
Developed by researchers 67 0.30 0.02 0.26 0.34
Number of Sessions Under 10 16 0.15 0.07 0.01 0.28 7.96 2 .020
11–20 97 0.36 0.04 0.28 0.45
Over 21 28 0.41 0.05 0.32 0.50
Session length Under 40min 75 0.40 0.05 0.30 0.50 13.59 2 .001
41-50min 31 0.30 0.06 0.19 0.42
Over 51min 30 0.19 0.02 0.16 0.22
Learning Outcomes
Social-emotional skills in general 14 0.32 0.05 0.23 0.42 10.10 6 .121
Self-awareness 36 0.25 0.11 0.03 0.47
Self-control 36 0.29 0.05 0.20 0.38
Social awareness 21 0.58 0.22 0.15 1.01
Relationship skills 30 0.20 0.04 0.12 0.29
Responsible decision making 5 0.31 0.08 0.14 0.47
Academic skills 11 0.32 0.05 0.23 0.41

Note. K: the number of effect sizes, g: Hedges’ g, SE: Standard Error, CI-L: Confidence intervals lower limit, CI-U: Confidence intervals upper limit.