Fig. 5.

Mechanisms of elicitation of T-cell-mediated cancer killing in MMR- or CDK12-deficient cancer cells. A dysfunctional MMR system or CDK12 generate neoantigens through mutant peptides, or frameshift mutations and indels in coding microsatellites. These neoantigens are presented to the cell surface by MHCI molecules, thus facilitating T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing, which can be enhanced by ICIs, such as CTLA4 inhibitors, PD1 inhibitors, and PD-L1 inhibitors