Table 2.
Mixed effects linear regression model for 12-month visual acuity in DMO using central subfield.
| Factors | Estimates | CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 46.40 | 30.91 | 61.90 | <0.001 |
| CST SD across 12 months (100s µm) | −6.87 | −10.52 | −3.23 | <0.001 |
| Baseline visual acuity (ETDRS letters) | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.44 | <0.001 |
| Baseline CST (100s µm) | 1.63 | 0.18 | 3.09 | 0.027 |
| Age (years) | −0.03 | −0.15 | 0.10 | 0.682 |
| Gender: male (vs. female) | 2.96 | 0.49 | 5.44 | 0.019 |
| DR stage: PDR (vs. mild–moderate NPDR) | −2.20 | −5.63 | 1.22 | 0.207 |
| DR stage: severe NPDR (vs. mild–moderate NPDR) | −3.95 | −7.35 | −0.56 | 0.023 |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.24 | −0.43 | 0.91 | 0.484 |
| Laser: focala (vs. none) | −1.85 | −7.73 | 4.03 | 0.538 |
| Laser: PRPb (vs. none) | −1.29 | −4.27 | 1.69 | 0.396 |
| Laser: both focal and PRPc (vs. none) | −4.45 | −12.63 | 3.73 | 0.286 |
| Number of anti-VEGF injections | 0.38 | −0.18 | 0.95 | 0.183 |
| Insulin: dependent (vs. non-dependent) | −0.13 | −2.96 | 2.69 | 0.926 |
| Anti-VEGF injection type: bevacizumab (vs. aflibercept) | −5.33 | −10.39 | −0.26 | 0.039 |
| Anti-VEGF injection type: mixedd (vs. aflibercept) | −7.38 | −12.76 | −2.00 | 0.007 |
| Anti-VEGF injection type: ranibizumab (vs. aflibercept) | −4.02 | −25.01 | 16.97 | 0.707 |
| Model characteristics | ||||
| σ2 | 65.86 | |||
| τ00 id | 77.77 | |||
| ICC | 0.54 | |||
| Marginal R2/conditional R2 | 0.273/0.667 | |||
Estimates denote the predicted change in visual acuity at 12 months for a 1 unit increase of a numeric factor, or for that factor level relative to reference level of a categorical factor, with other factors held constant.
CI confidence interval, CST central subfield thickness, SD standard deviation, σ2 variance within subjects, τ00 id variance between subjects, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, R2 coefficient of determination.
aFocal laser refers to eyes that had received focal laser prior to the study period.
bPRP refers to eyes that had received PRP either prior to or during the study period.
cBoth focal and PRP refers to eyes that had received focal laser prior to the study period in addition to PRP at any time.
dMixed refers to eyes that had received a combination of bevacizumab and aflibercept.
Statistically significant p < 0.05 values are in bold.