The relationship between experienced discrimination and descending inhibition of pain (panel A) and the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR; panel B), as measured by the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) task. As shown in panel A, pain inhibition was not moderated by discrimination, but NFR inhibition was (panel B). For those who experienced low discrimination (−1 SD), there was significant NFR inhibition by the cold-water conditioning stimulus (CS). However, NFR inhibition was impaired in those with moderate (mean) levels of discrimination, and NFR was facilitated by the cold-water CS in those experiencing high discrimination (+1 SD).