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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2022 Jan 10;23(6):1006–1024. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.12.010

Table 7.

Results of multilevel model predicting nociceptive flexion reflexes during temporal summation

Estimates of Fixed Effects 95% CI
Parameter Estimate SE t-test p-value Lower Upper

Intercept 1.013 0.053 19.038 <0.001 0.908 1.117
Ethnicity −0.033 0.028 −1.163 0.246 −0.088 0.023
Stimulus Number (Summation) 0.270 0.017 16.323 <0.001 0.237 0.302
Discrimination −0.080 0.179 −0.449 0.654 −0.432 0.271
Summation x Ethnicity 0.015 0.017 0.933 0.352 −0.017 0.048
Summation x Discrimination 0.186 0.091 2.034 0.043 0.006 0.366
Ethnicity x Discrimination −0.096 0.147 −0.654 0.514 −0.386 0.194
Summation x Ethnicity x Discrimination −0.020 0.091 −0.221 0.825 −0.200 0.160
Train Number −0.020 0.004 −1.420 <0.001 −0.028 −0.011
Stimulus Intensity 0.002 0.002 0.663 0.508 −0.003 0.006
Trauma Exposure 0.012 0.017 0.695 0.488 −0.022 0.046
Sex −0.022 0.025 −0.863 0.389 −0.071 0.028
Education −0.079 0.037 −2.116 0.035 −0.152 −0.005
Income 0.020 0.013 1.482 0.140 −0.006 0.046
General Health Perception −0.002 0.002 −0.795 0.427 −0.005 0.002
Age 0.006 0.004 1.306 0.193 −0.003 0.014
BMI −0.002 0.007 −0.321 0.749 −0.015 0.011
Stress 0.005 0.006 0.819 0.413 −0.007 0.017
Psych Distress −0.140 0.447 −0.314 0.754 −1.021 0.740
Blood Pressure −0.001 0.003 −0.279 0.781 −0.007 0.006

Estimates of Random Effects 95% CI
Parameter Estimate SE z-test p-value Lower Upper

AR1 diagonal 0.128 0.003 39.247 <0.001 0.122 0.134
AR1 rho 0.089 0.019 4.634 <0.001 0.051 0.126
Intercept Variance 0.145 0.015 9.615 <0.001 0.118 0.178
Intercept, Summation Covariance −0.028 0.007 −3.719 <0.001 −0.042 −0.013
Summation Variance 0.055 0.006 9.097 <0.001 0.044 0.068

Note: Stimulus Number/Summation=codes for temporal summation; AR=autoregressive; Bolded values are associated with significant estimates. Ethnicity was coded 0=non-Hispanic White, 1=Native American. Sex was coded 0=male, 1=female.