Table 1.

Commonly used tools for functional assessment.

A. Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
Activities	Independence (score = 1 for each)	Dependence (score = 0 for each)
Bathing	Bathes self completely or needs help in bathing only a single part of the body such as the back, genital area or disabled extremity.	Needs help with bathing more than one part of the body, getting in or out of the tub or shower. Requires total bathing.
Dressing	Get clothes from closets and drawers and puts on clothes and outer garments complete with fasteners. May have help tying shoes.	Needs help with dressing self or needs to be completely dressed.
Toileting	Goes to toilet, gets on and off, arranges clothes, cleans genital area without help.	Needs help transferring to the toilet, cleaning self or uses bedpan or commode.
Transferring	Moves in and out of bed or chair unassisted. Mechanical transfer aids are acceptable.	Needs help in moving from bed to chair or requires a complete transfer.
Continence	Exercises complete self-control over urination and defecation.	Is partially or totally incontinent of bowel or bladder.
Feeding	Gets food from plate into mouth without help. Preparation of food may be done by another person.	Needs partial or total help with feeding or requires parenteral feeding.

B. Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) [27]
Activity	Level of independence	Score
Ability to use telephone	- Operates on own initiative – looks up and dials numbers, etc.	1
	- Dials a few well-known numbers	1
	- Answers telephone but does not dial	1
	- Does not use telephone at all	0
Shopping	- Takes care of all shopping needs independently	1
	- Shops independently for small purchases	0
	- Needs to be accompanied on any shopping trip	0
	- Completely unable to shop	0
Food Preparation	- Plans, prepares and serves adequate meals independently	1
	- Prepares adequate meals if supplied with ingredients	0
	- Heats, serves and prepares meals, or prepares meals, or prepares meals but does not maintain adequate diet	0
	- Needs to have meals prepared and served	0
Housekeeping	- Maintains house alone or with occasional assistance (e.g. “heavy work domestic help”)	1
	- Performs light daily tasks such as dish washing, bed making	1
	- Performs light daily tasks but cannot maintain acceptable level of cleanliness	1
	- Needs help with all home maintenance tasks	1
	- Does not participate in any housekeeping tasks
Laundry	- Does personal laundry completely	1
	- Launders small items-rinses stockings, etc.	1
	- All laundry must be done by others	0
Mode of transportation	- Travels independently on public transportation or drives own car	1
	- Arranges own travel via taxi, but does not otherwise use public transportation	1
	- Travels on public transportation when accompanied by another	1
	- Travel limited to taxi or automobile with assistance of another	0
	- Does not travel at all	0
Responsibility for Own Medications	- Is responsible for taking medication in correct dosages at correct time	1
	- Takes responsibility if medication is prepared in advance in separate dosage	0
	- Is not capable of dispensing own medication	0
Ability to handle finances	- Manages financial matters independently (budgets, writes checks, pays rent, bills, goes to bank), collects and keeps track of income	1
	- Manages day-to-day purchases, but needs help with banking, major purchases, etc.	1
	- Incapable of handling money	0