Figure 2.

Joint analysis of sleep duration and other lifestyle factors and risk of CVD.

Notes: Multivariable models adjusted for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, family history of cancer, current aspirin use, current multivitamin use. Joint variables were used to estimate the HR and CIs of CVD. Sleep duration in 3 categories (<6 hours/day, ≥6 hours to <8 hours (low-risk), and ≥8 hours/day) and the other risk factors (being in the low-risk vs not being in the low-risk group for all other risk factors), using as the reference those who sleep <6 hours/day and are not in the low-risk group for other factors (not low-risk diet, current smoking, no low-risk BMI, no low-risk alcohol intake, or no low-risk physical activity). Low-risk factors: cigarette smoking(not smoking), physically active(≥3.5 hours/week of moderate to vigorous intensity activity), high diet quality(top 40% of AHEI), moderate alcohol intake of 5 to 14.9 g/day (women) or 5 to 30 g/day (men), normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m²), and sleep duration (≥6 to <8 hours/day).