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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 16.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2022 May 3;82(12):2267–2297. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.014

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Factors Contributing to Replication Fork Stalling at R-loops. (A) Illustrates the two orientations in which a replication fork can encounter a R-loop, leading to a TRC. Head-on conflicts (HO, left) activate ATR and codirectional conflicts (CD, right) activate ATM. HO conflicts with R-loops are associated with greater genome instability. (B) Illustrates potential mechanisms that cause fork slowing in the HO (left) and CD (right) orientation. Flags represent epigenetic markers that promote chromatin compaction.