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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Oncol. 2022 Apr 6;33(7):693–701. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.276

Table 1.

Age-specific characteristics among participants from two prospective cohorts

Characteristica Full study population
 Pancreatic cancer casesb
≤60 years 61–70 years >70 years ≤60 years 61–70 years >70 years
Women/NHS
No. person-years or cases 2 002 737 1 070 675 817 529 110 223 435
White, % 96.8 96.8 96.7 97.3 96.4 96.8
Ever-smoking, % 56.1 56.0 53.9 67.3 63.8 52.1
Obesityc, % 10.1 13.9 14.4 17.6 20.3 18.2
Diabetes, >2 years, % 2.1 7.3 12.8 10.8 9.5 21.6
Tall heightd, % 35.1 34.1 32.4 44.5 36.9 33.6
Men/HPFS
No. person-years or cases 364 923 357 963 363 730 36 113 273
White, % 90.8 90.7 90.7 88.9 86.7 93.0
Ever-smoking, % 46.0 51.8 55.4 70.6 63.9 59.4
Obesityc, % 9.2 10.6 8.9 19.4 11.8 7.1
Diabetes, >2 years, % 1.5 5.0 9.4 9.1 6.8 16.9
Tall heightd, % 35.7 32.3 26.2 55.6 33.6 24.5
≤70 years >70 years ≤70 years >70 years
Women/NHS
Non-O blood group, % 56.9 56.9 69.7 62.1
Inadequate exercisee, % 42.7 39.4 49.6 41.0
Excessive alcohol usef, % 12.8 12.6 15.3 15.9
AHEI-2010, mean (SD) 51 (10) 53 (9) 51 (9) 53 (9)
Men/HPFS
Non-O blood group, % 57.6 56.4 71.2 59.0
Inadequate exercisee, % 29.4 27.6 40.9 25.3
Excessive alcohol usef, % 10.8 11.7 15.5 16.0
AHEI-2010, mean (SD) 53 (11) 56 (10) 54 (10) 56 (11)

AHEI, alternate healthy eating index; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; MET, metabolic equivalent; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; SD, standard deviation.

a

Obesity, inadequate exercise, excessive alcohol use, and AHEI-2010 assessed by the cumulative average of body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and AHEI-2010, respectively.

b

Time-varying variables assessed at the time of cancer diagnosis.

c

Defined as a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2.

d

Defined as a height of ≥167 cm for women and ≥181 cm for men (i.e. the 75th percentiles of height in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016).

e

Defined as aerobic exercise of <75 vigorous-intensity or 150 moderate-intensity minutes (i.e. 500 MET-minutes/week), according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition.

f

Defined as alcohol use of >1 drink/day for women and >2 drinks/day for men, according to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.