Figure 1: Behavioral tasks.

Both tasks require the monkey to make a binary decision and report it with an eye movement to one of two choice-targets presented in the left or right hemifield. In each trial, the monkey is required to maintain its gaze on a central fixation point until its extinction, which serves as a go cue. A, Motion direction task. Dynamic random dot motion (RDM) appears within an invisible aperture contained within the hemifield ipsilateral to the inactivated cortex. The fixation point and motion stimulus are extinguished simultaneously, whereupon the monkey reports its decision. The monkey is rewarded for choosing the target in the direction of the motion (and randomly for the 0% coherent motion). Across trials, the strength, direction (left or right), and duration of the motion were varied randomly, as were the exact positions of choice targets (see Figure S1). B, Temporal order task. The choice-targets are presented sequentially. Choice-targets 1 and 2 are extinguished simultaneously, 430 ms after the onset of the first target. The fixation point is then extinguished after a variable delay, and the monkey is rewarded for making a saccade to the remembered location of the first target. Across trials, the order, onset asynchrony, and exact positions of the targets were varied randomly.