Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study cohort*
| Patient characteristics | Data available on N patients | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 5537 | 57.0 ± 12.8 |
| Male | 5522 | 4340 (78.6) |
| Caucasian | 5537 | 3661 (66.1) |
| Married | 5405 | 3406 (63.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 5514 | 28.6 ± 7.4 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 5514 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
| Blood type O | 5468 | 2540 (46.5) |
| Severely depressed RV systolic function pre-operatively | 4442 | 584 (13.2) |
| Unspecified | 1 (0.0) | |
| Destination Therapy | 2688 (48.6) | |
| New York Heart Association class 4 | 5349 | 4399 (82.2) |
| Stroke | 5537 | 200 (3.6) |
| Cancer | 5537 | 260 (4.7) |
| Severe diabetes | 5537 | 553 (10.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5537 | 251 (4.5) |
| Current smoker | 5537 | 265 (4.8) |
| Current drug abuse | 5537 | 427 (7.7) |
| Alcohol abuse | 5537 | 412 (7.4) |
| History of hepatitis | 5537 | 73 (1.3) |
| Dialysis | 5537 | 71 (1.3) |
| History of CABG | 5537 | 1026 (18.5) |
| History of valve surgery | 5537 | 380 (6.9) |
| Intra-cardiac defibrillator | 5501 | 4411 (80.2) |
| Ventilator | 5537 | 284 (5.1) |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 5537 | 1031 (18.6) |
| B-Blockers | 5348 | 4230 (79.1) |
| ACE Inhibitors | 5131 | 2522 (49.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 5450 | 106.3 ± 16.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 5435 | 65.3 ± 11.3 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 5515 | 89.0 ± 17.3 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 5518 | 11.4 ± 2.10 |
| White blood cells (K/uL) | 5521 | 8.5 ± 3.7 |
| Platelet (K/uL) | 5518 | 198.4 ± 77.9 |
| INR | 5349 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 5231 | 3.4 ± 0.6 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 5300 | 1.3 ± 1.8 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 5531 | 1.4 ± 0.7 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 5528 | 28.4 ± 16.7 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3281 | 130.4 ± 42.3 |
| AST (u/L) | 5301 | 49.7 ± 149.4 |
| ALT (u/L) | 5290 | 60.3 ± 190.7 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 5530 | 135.1 ± 4.7 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 2602 | 1102.6 ± 1045.1 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1781 | 19.2 ± 38.7 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 4370 | 6.8 ± 1.1 |
| Moderate/Severe mitral regurgitation | 5184 | 2956 (57.0) |
| Moderate/Severe tricuspid regurgitation | 5152 | 2114 (41.0) |
| Moderate/Severe aortic regurgitation | 4841 | 212 (4.4) |
| LVEF < 20% | 5304 | 3679 (69.4) |
| Severely depressed pre-operative RV function | 4442 | 584 (13.15) |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | 3761 | 12.4 ±8.0 |
| Pulmonary systolic pressure (mmHg) | 4927 | 49.9± 14.7 |
| Pulmonary diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 4886 | 24.8 ± 8.9 |
| Pulmonary wedge pressure (mmHg) | 4096 | 24.9 ± 9.3 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 4695 | 2.2± 0.9 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (wood units) | 3885 | 2.3 ± 2.4 |
| Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) ‡ | 4764 | 3.3 ± 3.4 |
| Pulmonary circulation elastance (PCE, mmHg/ml) ‡ | 4602 | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Concomitant surgery | 5535 | 2163 (39.1) |
| Failure to wean | 5537 | 31 (0.6) |
| ECMO | 5537 | 162 (2.9) |
| Patient profile modifier TCS | 4742 | 1336 (28.2) |
Values are shown as means ± SD or N (%), as appropriate.
ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CRP: c-reactive protein; ECMO: extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation; INR: international normalized ratio; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RV: right ventricular; TCS: temporary circulatory support
The remaining 27 patients were either Rescue Therapy or ‘Other’ device strategy.
PAPi was calculated based on the formula (systolic PAP-diastolic PAP)/RAP and if RAP was missing (systolic PAP-diastolic PAP)/CVP. PCE was calculated based on the formula systolic PAP/Stroke volume and stroke volume from Cardiac output*1000/heart rate.