Table 3.
The Relationship Between Hourly Wages and Turnover—Subgroup Analyses
| Subgroups | Pooled OLS | Facility fixed effects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RN turnover | LPN turnover | CNA turnover | RN turnover | LPN turnover | CNA turnover | |
| Panel A: By for-profit status | ||||||
| For-profit (n = 987) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | −0.06 (0.57) | −0.54 (0.73) | −3.82** (1.20) | −0.74 (0.76) | −0.51 (1.04) | −2.75* (1.24) |
| Nonprofit (n = 729) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | −0.77* (0.35) | −1.39* (0.59) | −2.91** (1.04) | −0.43 (0.55) | −1.75 (0.98) | −0.76 (1.02) |
| Panel B: By urban/rural | ||||||
| Urban (n = 518) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | −0.31 (0.67) | 1.03 (0.96) | −1.08 (1.50) | −0.52 (0.81) | 0.55 (1.38) | −2.82 (1.55) |
| Rural (n = 1,198) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | −0.69* (0.33) | −2.27*** (0.55) | −4.65*** (0.92) | −0.41 (0.53) | −2.03* (0.81) | −1.25 (0.92) |
| Panel C: By market competitiveness | ||||||
| Unconcentrated market (n = 348) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | 0.49 (0.71) | 2.03 (1.21) | 0.83 (1.68) | −0.65 (0.92) | 2.66 (1.67) | −1.81 (2.11) |
| Concentrated market (n = 1,368) | ||||||
| Hourly wage | −0.76* (0.34) | −1.83*** (0.51) | −4.70*** (0.82) | −0.40 (0.53) | −2.07** (0.74) | −1.37 (0.85) |
Notes: RN = registered nurse; LPN = licensed practical nurse; CNA = certified nurse aide. In all regressions, we control for year dummies. Robust standard errors clustered at the facility level are reported in parentheses.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.