Table 3.
Abnormal expression and biological processes of tumor-associated microRNAs in keloids
| miRNA | miRNA expression | Potential value | Target genes | Main associated tumors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-1-3p | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppression of proliferation and migration |
TM4SF1 | Oral squamous cell carcinoma Prostate cancer |
[126] |
| miR-1224-5p | Down-regulated | Suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion | SMAD3 | Rectal cancer Lung cancer |
[150] |
| miR-124-3p | Down-regulated | Promoted cell apoptosis Inhibited fibroblast-induced angiogenesis Inhibited proliferation and migration |
TGF-βR1 SMAD5 |
Prostate cancer Gastric cancer Colorectal cancer |
[165, 166] |
| miR-133a-3p | Down-regulated | Inhibited fibrosis and proliferation | IRF5 | Colorectal cancer Prostate cancer |
[127] |
| miR-138-5p | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis | CDK6 | Colorectal cancer Breast cancer |
[143] |
| miR-141-3p | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppression of proliferation and migration |
GAB1 | Rectal cancer Renal cell carcinoma |
[128] |
| miR-152-3p | Up-regulated | Increased cell proliferation and invasion Increased type I collagen, type III collagen and fibronectin production |
FOXF1 | Colorectal cancer Prostate cancer |
[129] |
| miR-152-5p | Down-regulated | Inhibited proliferation Reduced migration Promoted apoptosis |
SMAD3 | Liver cancer Gastric cancer |
[151] |
| miR-181a | Up-regulated | Inhibited apoptosis Enhanced keloid fibroblast DNA synthesis and proliferation |
PHLPP2 | Lung cancer Ovarian cancer |
[142] |
| miR-188-5p | Down-regulated | Inhibited cell proliferation Suppressed DNA synthesis Suppression of migration and invasion |
MMP-2 MMP-9 |
Breast cancer Gastric cancer |
[130] |
| miR-194-3p | Down-regulated | Inhibited proliferation and migration | RUNX2 | Breast cancer | [131] |
| miR-194-5p | Down-regulated | Inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of keloid fibroblasts | NR2F2 | Pancreatic cancer Colorectal cancer |
[132] |
| miR-196a | Down-regulated | Inhibited expression of type I and III collagens | COLIα1 COLIIIα3 |
Pancreatic cancer Breast cancer |
[133] |
| miR-196b-5p | Down-regulated | Suppressed cell viability, migration and extracellular matrix production | FGF2 | Non-small cell lung cancer Breast cancer |
[134] |
| miR-199a-5p | Down-regulated | Regulation of cell cycle Restrained proliferation |
N/A | Thyroid cancer Lung cancer |
[139] |
| miR-200c | Down-regulated | Suppressed autocrine secretion of TGF-β2 | ZNF217 | Ovarian cancer Breast cancer |
[153] |
| miR-203 | Down-regulated | Induced apoptosis Suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and ECM production |
SMAD5 EGR1 FGF2 |
Prostate cancer Ovarian cancer |
[135, 136] |
| miR-204 | Down-regulated | N/A | ITGβ5 | Gastric cancer Hepatocellular cancer |
[167] |
| miR-205 | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppression of proliferation and invasion |
N/A | Thyroid cancer Cervical cancer |
[168] |
| miR-205-5p | Down-regulated | Inhibited glycolysis Accelerated apoptosis Inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and ECM accumulation |
FOXM1 VEGF |
Endometrial cancer Breast cancer |
[149] |
| miR-21 | Up-regulated | Inhibited activation of the caspase-8 egulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway Promoted cell proliferation Promoted fibrosis |
FasL SMAD7 PTEN |
Colon cancer Lung cancer |
[28, 29, 154] |
| miR-214-5p | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppression of proliferation and migration |
TM4SF1 | Esophageal cancer Prostate cancer |
[126] |
| miR-21-5p | Up-regulated | Stemness Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
PTEN | Gastric cancer Lung cancer |
[99] |
| miR-217 | Down-regulated | Inhibited cell proliferation Induced apoptosis |
FN | Prostate cancer Colon cancer |
[144] |
| miR-2392 | Down-regulated | Regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and autophagy | ZEB2 | Gastric cancer | [155] |
| miR-28-5p | Up-regulated | Promoted ECM deposition and cell proliferation | MC1R | Prostate cancer Colorectal cancer |
[164] |
| miR-29a | Down-regulated | Inhibited viability, proliferation, migration and invasion | COLIα1 | Cervical cancer Breast cancer |
[145] |
| miR-30a-5p | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis | BCL2 | Colon cancer Ewing tumor |
[12] |
| miR-31 | Up-regulated | Regulation of cell cycle Restrained apoptosis |
HIF-1α | Lung cancer Breast cancer |
[141] |
| miR-3141 | Down-regulated | Suppressed keloid fibroblast proliferation and migration Promoted cell apoptosis |
SAMD3 | Osteosarcoma | [146] |
| miR-370-3p | Up-regulated | N/A | EGFR | Melanoma Breast cancer |
[167] |
| miR-424-3p | Up-regulated | Enhanced the ability of cell proliferation, migration and collagen secretion Reduced apoptosis |
SMAD7 | Ovarian cancer | [147] |
| miR-4328 | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppressed proliferation and metastasis |
BCL2 | Lung cancer | [137] |
| miR-4417 | Down-regulated | Induced cell apoptosis Suppression of migration and invasion |
CCND1 | Prostate cancer Triple-negative breast cancer |
[138] |
| miR-637 | Down-regulated | Suppressed proliferation and metastasis | SMAD3 | Breast cancer Prostate cancer |
[152] |
| miR-7-5p | Down-regulated | Repressed proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix deposition Promoted cell apoptosis |
EPAC1 | Thyroid cancer Glioma |
[171] |
| miR-769-5p | Down-regulated | Inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion Suppressed extracellular matrix deposition |
EIF3A | Pancreatic cancer Prostate cancer |
[163] |
| miR-96 | Up-regulated | Increased type I and III collagen production | SMAD7 | Breast cancer Urothelial carcinoma |
[148] |
N/A not available, miR microRNA,TM4SF1 transmembrane 4 L six family member 1, SMAD3 SMAD family member 3, TGF-βR1 transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5, CDK6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6, GAB1 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-associated binding protein 1, FOXF1 forkhead box F1, PHLPP2 PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2, MMP-2 matrix metallopeptidase 2, RUNX2 RUNX family transcription factor 2, NR2F2 nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2, COLIα1 collagen type I alpha 1 chain, FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2, ZNF217 zinc finger protein 217, EGR1 early growth response 1, ITGβ5 integrin subunit beta 5, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, FasL Fas ligand, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, FN fibronectin, ZEB2 zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2, MC1R melanocortin 1 receptor, BCL2 B-cell lymphoma-2, HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha inhibitor, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, CCND1 cyclinD1, EPAC1 exchange protein directly activated by CAMP 1, EIF3A eukaryotic translation Initiation factor 3 subunit A