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Indirect coculture of macrophages with UC-MSCs altered osteoblastic differentiation ability. (a) Schematic graphs for M1 and M2 macrophages cocultured with UC-MSCs in Transwell plates (membrane pore = 0.4 μm). (b) Detection of osteogenic-related proteins ALP, RUNX2, and OCN by western blot. (c) Quantitative analysis of osteogenic genes ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 by RT-qPCR. Data are presented as mean ± SD from triplicate experiments. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
