Table 4.
Comparison of patient- and hemorrhage-specific factors between dichotomized outcome groups as measured by the extended Glasgow outcome scale after 12 months
| All DHC with outcome data (n = 61) | Favorable outcome (n = 10) | Unfavorable outcome (n = 51) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age—years; mean ± SD | 50.6 ± 10.9 | 43.3 ± 11.9 | 51.8 ± 10.1 | 0.024 |
| Sex–female/male | 45 (73.8)/16 (26.2) | 8 (72.7)/2 (18.2) | 37 (77.1)/14 (29.2) | 0.624 |
| ICP crisis | ||||
| Lag ICP crisis (days) (IQR) | 2.0 (3.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0.501 |
| Lag DHC (days) (IQR) | 2.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0.836 |
| Primary/secondary DHC | 8 (13.1)/53 (86.9) | 2 (20.0)/8 (80.0) | 6 (11.8)/45 (88.2) | 0.481 |
| Aneurysm location; no. (%) | 0.524 | |||
| Ant. circulation | 59 (96.7) | 10 (100.0) | 49 (96.1) | |
| Post. circulation | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.9) | |
|
Aneurysm size Max. diameter (mm)—mean ± SD |
7.0 ± 5.0 | 7.5 ± 9.0 | 7.0 ± 5.0 | 0.506 |
| Hemorrhage severity | ||||
| Hunt and Hess grade; no. (%) | 0.908 | |||
| Grade 1 | 3 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.9) | |
| Grade 2 | 9 (14.8) | 2 (20.0) | 7 (13.7) | |
| Grade 3 | 14 (23.0) | 2 (20.0) | 12 (23.5) | |
| Grade 4 | 21 (34.4) | 4 (40.0) | 17 (33.3) | |
| Grade 5 | 14 (23.0) | 2 (20.0) | 12 (23.5) | |
| Modified Fisher scale; no. (%) | 0.433 | |||
| Grade 1 | 6 (98.4) | 2 (20.0) | 4 (7.8) | |
| Grade 2 | 36 (59.0) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (3.9) | |
| Grade 3 | 22 (36.1) | 2 (20.0) | 20 (39.2) | |
| Grade 4 | 30 (49.2) | 5 (50.0) | 25 (49.0) | |
| Aneurysm occlusion; no. (%) | 0.140 | |||
| Clipping/endovascular | 28 (45.9)/23 (37.7) | 8 (80.0)/2 (20.0) | 28 (54.9)/23 (45.1) | |
| DCI treatment; no. (%) | ||||
| DCI | 44 (72.1) | 7 (70.0) | 37 (72.5) | 0.869 |
| ERT | 25 (41.0) | 4 (40.0) | 21 (41.2) | 0.945 |
| Spasmolysis | 22 (36.1) | 3 (30.0) | 19 (37.3) | 0.262 |
| CLINA | 7 (11.5) | 2 (20.0) | 5 (9.8) | 0.355 |
| Clinical outcome; no. (%) | ||||
| DCI-related infarction | 28 (45.9) | 3 (30.0) | 25 (49.0) | 0.270 |
| Cranioplasty | 34 (55.7) | 10 (100.0) | 24 (47.1) | |
| Lag (days) | 85.0 (84.0) | 93.5 (84.0) | 70.0 (63.0) | 0.512 |
| Early (≤ 90)/late (> 90) | 13 (21.3)/21 (34.4) | 5 (50.0)/5 (50.0) | 8 (33.3)/16 (31.4) |
CLINA continuous local intra-arterial nimodipine applications; DHC decompressive hemicraniectomy; ERT endovascular rescue treatment; ICP intracranial pressure; IQR interquartile range; SD standard deviations