9. MMF: adverse effects.
Category | Study | Details of adverse event |
MMF Number of events/Number followed up |
Control* Number of events/Number followed up |
Epithelial keratitis | Birnbaum 2009 | Not reported | ||
Reinhard 2001 | Not reported | |||
High intraocular pressure | Birnbaum 2009 | Not reported | ||
Reinhard 2001 | Glaucoma | 1/29 | 2/27 | |
Major calcineurin‐inhibitor toxicity | Birnbaum 2009 | Hyperglycaemia | 7/57 | 4/41 |
Reinhard 2001 | Hepatotoxicity | 2/29 | 3/27 | |
Minor calcineurin‐inhibitor toxicity | Birnbaum 2009 | |||
Reinhard 2001 | Gingival problems | 0 | 3/41 | |
Dose reductions due to adverse events | Birnbaum 2009 | Due to raised liver enzymes | 2/57 | 0 |
Reinhard 2001 | Not reported | |||
Withdrawals and dropouts due to adverse events | Birnbaum 2009 | Gastrointestinal disturbances (1) Asthma, pruritus, and fatigue (1) |
2/57 | 0 |
Reinhard 2001 | 2/29 | 2/27 |
Birnbaum 2009 control group received systemic and topical corticosteroids same as MMF group.
Reinhard 2001 control group received systemic cyclosporine A.
MMF: mycophenolate mofetil
Other adverse effects reported in MMF group in Birnbaum 2009: Hyperlipidaemia (11), Infections (8), Tachycardia (4), Weight loss (4), Fatigue (4), Weight gain (3), Insomnia (3), Headache (3), Malignancies (2), Myalgia (1), Renal colic (1), Myocardial infarction (1), Erythema (1), Deterioration of atopic eczema (1), Muscular cramps (1), Paresthesia (1), Ostealgia (1), Agranulocytosis (1), Anaemia (1).