Table 4.
Psychological domain and associated factor (results from linear regression model)
| Domain | Non-COVID | COVID | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | ||||
| β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| < 28 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 28–29 | 3.33 (−2.18, 8.85) | 0.234 | −2.32 (−9.06, 4.43) | 0.500 | −2.94 (− 9.52, 3.63) | 0.378 | ||
| 30–34 | −0.51 (− 5.41, 4.39) | 0.837 | −5.10 (−11.11, 0.91) | 0.096* | −5.35 (− 11.35, 0.65) | 0.080 | ||
| 35+ | 2.46 (−4.27, 9.20) | 0.472 | −7.75 (−12.81, −2.70) | 0.003** | −4.78 (− 10.47, 0.91) | 0.099 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | −4.85 (−8.51, −1.18) | 0.010* | −4.94 (−8.54, − 1.35) | 0.007** | −4.98 (−9.05, −0.91) | 0.017* | − 7.76 (− 11.96, − 3.57) | < 0.001*** |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Muslim | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Non-Muslim | 0.90 (−5.45, 7.26) | 0.780 | −6.91 (−11.90, −1.93) | 0.007** | − 5.60 (− 10.38, − 0.82) | 0.022* | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| SSC/HSC | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Graduate | −9.05 (−21.60, 3.51) | 0.157 | 2.24 (−2.54, 7.02) | 0.356 | ||||
| Post-graduate | −7.56 (−20.48, 5.35) | 0.250 | −2.87 (−8.90, 3.16) | 0.349 | ||||
| Monthly Income (BDT) | ||||||||
| < 20,000 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 20,000–40,000 | −0.64 (−9.55, 8.28) | 0.888 | 2.89 (−3.33, 9.12) | 0.361 | ||||
| 40,000–60,000 | 1.45 (−7.46, 10.37) | 0.749 | 3.47 (−3.78, 10.73) | 0.347 | ||||
| 60,000+ | 3.69 (−5.02, 12.39) | 0.405 | 2.56 (−3.97, 9.08) | 0.440 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 0.08 (−3.87, 4.03) | 0.968 | 5.54 (0.48, 10.60) | 0.032* | −0.006 (−5.47, 5.46) | 0.998 | ||
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 1 | −7.68 (−12.68, −2.69) | 0.003** | −7.82 (−12.80, −2.83) | 0.002** | −3.75 (−8.60, 1.09) | 0.128 | −1.83 (−6.65, 3.00) | 0.456 |
| 2 | −11.80 (−24.07, 0.46) | 0.059 | − 12.26 (− 24.38, −0.14) | 0.047* | −16.32 (− 26.34, − 6.31) | 0.002** | −12.59 (− 22.51, − 2.66) | 0.013* |
| 3 or more | – | – | −12.52 (− 20.00, − 5.05) | 0.001** | −9.33 (− 16.91, − 1.74) | 0.016* | ||
| Hospitalized due to COVID | ||||||||
| No | – | – | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | – | – | −6.74 (−10.82, −2.67) | 0.001** | − 3.68 (−7.73, 0.37) | 0.075 | ||
| Smoking habits | ||||||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Current | 1.64 (−3.41, 6.68) | 0.524 | −5.52 (−10.88, − 0.16) | 0.044* | −6.71 (− 12.28, − 1.13) | 0.019* | ||
| Past | – | – | −1.79 (−9.68, 6.09) | 0.654 | −2.47 (− 9.98, 5.05) | 0.518 | ||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001