Fig. 2.

ISM1 deficiency leads to heightened immune responses to LPS in mouse lung. a–e Time-course of lung immune response to LPS challenge. Ism1^−/− lungs showed heightened immune responses to LPS via differential cell count by flow cytometry. LPS (2 mg/kg) was intratracheally administered once, followed by isolation of single-cell suspension from the whole lungs at day 1, 3, 5 and 7. f LPS induced higher pulmonary permeability in Ism1^−/− mice at 24 h post LPS challenge indicated by total BALF protein content. g Representative images of lung tissue sections displaying the extent of the acute inflammation in H&E stained (left) and IF stained NIMP-R14⁺ neutrophils (right) at 24 h post LPS challenge. *represents p < 0.05; **represents p < 0.01. For (a–e and g), n = 3 mice per group; for (f), n = 6 for WT and n = 5 for Ism1^−/− mice