Fig. 4.

Intranasal rISM1 reduces LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse lung. a A schematic diagram of rISM1 treatment regimen in intratracheal LPS-treated mice. Each mouse was pre-treated with 50 µg rISM1 via intranasal delivery one day before receiving one dose of 2 mg/kg LPS. The mouse was continuously treated with 50 µg rISM1 daily till day 3. BALF was isolated and separated into the BAL fluid protein and cell components. b BALF protein levels were reduced in rISM1-treated mice at 24 h post LPS challenge. Proteins were measured by Bradford protein dye. c–g Differential immune cell quantification of BALF cells using flow cytometry. Total cells in BALF are presented. rISM1 suppressed immune cell infiltration induced by LPS in the lung. *represents p < 0.05; ** represents p < 0.01. For b–g, n = 5 mice for LPS-treated groups; n = 3 for non-LPS-treated groups