Table 2.

Cost Avoidance Due to Screening

Base-Case Analysis	Stage I	Stage II	Stage III	Stage IV	Total
No-screening arm
Number of LC cases detected	292	57	224	532	1105
Treatment costs, $ (million) (1)	24.58	6.33	34.53	94.89	160.32
Screening arm
Number of LC cases detected	727	102	152	124	1105
Treatment costs, $ (million)	61.19	11.33	23.46	22.08	118.06
Screening costs, $ (million)					35.61
Total costs for screening arm, $ (million) (2)					153.67
Cost-avoidance, $ = (1) – (2)					6.65
ROI = ($160.32–$118.06)/$35.61					1.2
Sensitivity analysis
Range of cost avoidance, $ (million)				−7.91 to 21.22
Probability for cost avoidance > 0			71.9% (95% CI: 71.2%–72.5%)

CI, confidence interval; LC, lung cancer; ROI, return on investment.