Table 2.
Incidence of MetS in the non-MetS population during 1.5 years of follow-up.
| Male (n=174) | Female (n=190) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MetS | Non-MetS | p | MetS | Non-MetS | p | |
| Participants | 53 | 121 | – | 45 | 145 | – |
| Age | 52.6 ± 6.1 | 53.0 ± 7.1 | 0.658 | 52.0 (42.2~104.8) | 50.0 (43.0~66.4) | 0.390 |
| Menopause, N (%) | – | 0.164 | ||||
| Yes | – | – | 22 (48.9%) | 54 (37.2%) | ||
| No | – | – | 23 (51.1%) | 91 (62.8%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | 0.878 | 0.623 | ||||
| Never | 15 (28.3%) | 30 (24.8%) | 41 (91.1%) | 126 (86.9%) | ||
| Occasional | 17 (32.1%) | 42 (34.7%) | 3 (6.7%) | 10 (6.9%) | ||
| Frequent | 21 (39.6%) | 49 (40.5%) | 1 (2.2%) | 9 (6.2%) | ||
| Diet, N (%) | 0.926 | 0.331 | ||||
| Meat | 6 (11.3%) | 12 (9.9%) | 1 (2.2%) | 10 (6.9%) | ||
| Meat/Vegetables | 27 (50.9%) | 60 (49.6%) | 17 (37.8%) | 63 (43.4%) | ||
| Vegetables | 20 (37.7%) | 49 (40.5%) | 27 (60.0%) | 72 (49.7%) | ||
| Physical activity, N (%) | 0.178 | 0.055 | ||||
| Low | 10 (18.9%) | 28 (23.1%) | 12 (26.7%) | 68 (46.9%) | ||
| Moderate | 20 (37.7%) | 29 (24.0%) | 18 (40.0%) | 43 (29.7%) | ||
| High | 23 (43.4%) | 64 (52.9%) | 15 (33.3%) | 34 (23.4%) | ||
| Waist (cm) | 92.3 ± 7.2 | 86.0 ± 6.7 | 0.000 | 87.4 ± 9.4 | 81.9 ± 7.5 | 0.000 |
| HC (cm) | 99.4 ± 5.6 | 96.1 ± 4.7 | 0.000 | 97.4 ± 7.3 | 94.0 ± 6.3 | 0.010 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.5 ± 9.9 | 68.4 ± 7.8 | 0.000 | 66.1 ± 10.8 | 59.1 ± 8.5 | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 23.8 ± 2.4 | 0.000 | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 23.4 ± 3.1 | 0.000 |
| SFA (cm2) | 146.8 ± 45.1 | 114.9 ± 44.5 | 0.060 | 202.6 ± 66.1 | 174.5 ± 60.6 | 0.015 |
| VFA (cm2) | 116.2 ± 41.5 | 73.4 ± 36.0 | 0.000 | 76.5 ± 28.7 | 57.6 ± 24.7 | 0.012 |
| Fat Mass (kg) | 19.2 ± 7.0 | 15.6 ± 5.6 | 0.101 | 22.4 ± 7.9 | 17.3 ± 6.0 | 0.144 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (97~158) | 120 (92~155) | 0.118 | 118 (90~197) | 110 (90~146) | 0.007 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 84 (66~106) | 76 (58~100) | 0.112 | 78 (60~108) | 70 (56~90) | 0.000 |
| HR (/min) | 72 (60~91) | 72 (60~95) | 0.795 | 73 (60~95) | 72 (60~98) | 0.410 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.5~12.9) | 5.3 (4.3~12.1) | 0.977 | 5.5 (4.6~12.6) | 5.2 (4.5~8.0) | 0.000 |
| 0.5-h PG (mmol/L) | 9.5 (6.0~21.4) | 9.2 (5.8~19.4) | 0.294 | 10.3 (6.9~16.8) | 8.4 (5.4~13.3) | 0.000 |
| 2-h PG (mmol/L) | 7.0 (3.5~25.3) | 6.4 (3.2~24.5) | 0.178 | 9.5 (5.3~20.8) | 6.6 (4.2~12.7) | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (4.9~10.8) | 5.6 (4.8~9.1) | 0.260 | 6.1 (4.9~9.4) | 5.8 (4.9~6.6) | 0.002 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 0.134 | 5.3 (3.7~8.6) | 5.0 (3.1~7.7) | 0.374 |
| TGs (mmol/L) | 1.9 (0.7~12.4) | 1.3 (0.6~4.5) | 0.000 | 1.4 (0.5~5.9) | 1.2 (0.6~4.9) | 0.002 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.7~1.7) | 1.3 (0.8~2.1) | 0.000 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.002 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.131 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 0.132 |
| BUA (μmol/L) | 364.0 ± 77.3 | 334.2 ± 84.6 | 0.029 | 280.6 ± 72.3 | 245.9 ± 65.4 | 0.005 |
Normally distributed values are presented as the mean ± SD; skewed values are presented as the median (Q1-Q3).
Alcohol consumption: never, never drink alcohol; occasional, drink less than three times a week; frequent, drink at least three times a week. Diet: meat, meat-based diet; meat/vegetable, meat and vegetarian diet; vegetables, vegetarian diet. Physical activity: low, low physical activity; moderate, moderate physical activity; High, high physical activity.
0.5-h PG, plasma glucose 0.5 hours after a glucose load; 2-h PG, plasma glucose 2 hours after a glucose load; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BUA, blood uric acid; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HC, hip circumference; HR, heart rate; LDL/HDL-C, low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP/DBP, systolic/diastolic blood pressure; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; TC, total cholesterol; TGs, triglycerides; VFA, visceral fat area.