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. 2021 Sep 7;31(7):515–525. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013522

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HRs and 95% CIs for the effect of provider type on time to discharge. Unadjusted Cox regression was used, with clustering of operations within hospital sites accounted for in order to calculate robust SEs. An HR greater than 1 indicates shorter times from operation to discharge in Independent Sector Healthcare Providers (ISHP). On the right-hand side, the corresponding mean difference in length of stay is given. This is defined as the mean length of stay for patients treated in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals minus the mean length of stay for patients treated at ISHPs. The means are calculated based on patients discharged alive within 60 days (category C1 in figure 1). IH, inguinal hernia; NEC, not elsewhere classified; THR, total hip replacement; TKR, total knee replacement; UH, umbilical hernia; VH, ventral hernia.