TABLE 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of translation-nomics related techniques.

Techniques	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Polysome profiling	RNC-mRNA can be obtained; any length, sequence variation, number of ribosomes on each mRNA can be detected	It is difficult to perform in-depth analysis of all translated mRNA	Chasse et al. (2017)
RNC-Seq	It can effectively reveal the full-length information of the RNA being translated, including abundance, and type	Prone to ribosome dissociation or RNA degradation after cell lysis; low sequencing precision; no access to ribosome, ORF, uORF information	Wang L et al. (2013)
TRAP-Seq	RNC-mRNA can be obtained; avoids contamination by eliminating the need for ultracentrifugation; it has the advantage of isolating RNC-mRNA from complex tissues and specific cell types	Stably transfected cell lines need to be established to produce labeled ribosomal proteins; over-labeling of ribosomal proteins may alter the structure and properties of the ribosome	Inada et al. (2002); Heiman et al. (2014)
Ribo-Seq	Accurately locates genes under translation; accurately quantifies gene translation levels; instantaneously measures translation efficiency; obtains ribosome position, density, ORF, and uORF information	Complex experiment; expensive; can only detect ribosome-protected RNA fragments; poor reproducibility	Ingolia et al. (2009); Ingolia et al. (2019)