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. 2022 Jun 15;13(e1):e13–e21. doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-102119

Figure 2.

Figure 2

How pattern recognition receptors expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be involved in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology. Alterations to the function and expression of TLR4 on intestinal epithelial cells may beimportant in contributing to the gut microbiota dysbiosis seen during both inflammatorybowel disease and necrotising enterocolitis and subsequently disease pathology. NOD2receptor mutations have also been implicated in IBD pathology via altering the productionof AMPs which may alter the gut microbiota composition leading to dysbiosis and gutinflammation. These are putative mechanisms as indicated by ?. TLR4- Toll-like receptor 4, IECs-Intestinal epithelial cells, AMPs-Antimicrobial peptides, NOD2-Nucleotide-bindingoligomerization domain-containing protein 2. (Figure created in BioRender).