Table 1.
Reported rates of second primary malignancies in gastrointestinal carcinoids.
| Study (year) | Author | Reported rates of second primary malignancies in gastrointestinal carcinoids | ||
| SPM/NEN of GIT (n) | Most common SPM | Gynaecological | ||
| 1974 | Morgan et al35 | 35/135 | Small intestinal 37% | Not specified |
| 1975 | Godwin36 | 334/2471 | Small intestinal, appendiceal 32% | Not specified |
| 1989 | Saha et al37 | 29/112 | Colorectal (n=11) | 2 (cervical cancer) |
| 1995 | Gerstle et al38 | 33/69 | Gastrointestinal | Not specified |
| 1999 | Shebani et al39 | 47/150 | Colorectal (n=20) | 9 (6 uterine, 1 cervical, 2 ovarian cancer) |
| 1997 | Burke et al40 | 23/167 | Colorectal (n=6) | Not specified |
| 2002 | Tichansky et al41 | 299/2086 | Colorectal (n=126) | 10 |
| 2012 | Kamp et al42 | 67/459 | Breast (n=10) | 3 uterine cancer |
| 2012 | Amin et al43 | 2424/8331 | Prostate 24.3%, followed by breast 10.9% | Not specified |
| 2015 | Clift et al44 | 26/169 | Colorectal (n=6) | 1 uterine,1 ovarian |
GIT, gastrointestinal tract; NEN, neuroendocrine neoplasm; SPM, secondary primary malignancy.