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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2021 Nov 4;138:1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.056

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

2A hydrogel systems, which have a secondary mechanism of action and no need for manufacturing validation, are summarized. (A) depicts stained sections of tissue engineered skin and gingiva formed using collagen gels [183] (B) depicts a biopsy specimen harvested from the mucosa inside a patient’s mouth, as well as the EVPOME construct pre-grafting, which consists of an Alloderm construct seeded with oral keratinocytes. [53] (C) outlines a tissue-engineered human vocal-fold mucosa using a collagen scaffold and demonstrates similarity to native tissue. [190] (D) Depicts GelMA hydrogels infused with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes to support skeletal muscle differentiation and myofiber formation. [194]