Leiper 2011.

Methods	Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Participants	Patients (n = 24) over 18 years of age with active steroid‐resistant UC (Mayo score: 6‐12 points, failure to respond to at least 2 weeks of 40 mg/day of prednisolone treatment)
Interventions	Patients received either an infusion of 1 g of rituximab or placebo on day 1 and at 2 weeks
Outcomes	Primary outcome was remission at week 4 Secondary outcomes consisted of clinical response at weeks 4 and 8, remission at weeks 8 and 12, mucosal healing at weeks 4 and 12 and improvement in the IBDQ
Notes	This drug was not shown to be an effective therapy for active steroid‐resistant UC NCT00261118
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Patients were randomized 2:1 (treatment:placebo) in blocks of 5 by the hospital pharmacy department. The pharmacists had no other involvement in the trial
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Allocation was concealed from patients and investigators
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Allocation was not revealed until the last patient completed the trial
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Assessment of response or remission was made before unblinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	There was a high drop‐out rate in both groups Only 6 out of 16 patients in the rituximab group and 2 out of 8 patients in the placebo group completed the 12 week study Last value was carried forward for analyses
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other apparent sources of bias